Section 1
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avascular necrosis of femoral head
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (94)
Section 1
(50 cards)
avascular necrosis of femoral head
this condition is due to disruption of blood supply at the head of the femur, causing the bone to collapse
patellofemoral syndrome
patient comes in with anterior knee pain with use of stairs or jumping. they are unstable while walking and have a + clarke's sign. diagnosis?
valgus stress
+ test in MCL injury
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of one vertebra over another "scottie dog decapitated"
spondylolysis
stress fracture of the vertebrae "scottie dog with a collar"
nonspecific LBP
-negative SLR -normal neuro exam overuse injury typically pt depends on pain reproduced by direct compression over the area, decreased ROM, pain with forward flexion/walking uphill
ischial bursitis
patient has pain between the ischium and glut maximus. it is worse with prolonged sitting. SLR is -, the patient may point to tender over the ischial tuberosity. diagnosis?
osteonecrosis
another name for avascular necrosis of femoral head:
cervical or lumbar vertebrae
where can a herniated nucleus pulpous occur?
extension
what makes pain worse with iliopsoas bursitis?
MCL injury
more commonly injured than LCL + pain or laxity with valgus stress
clarke's sign
test indicates patellofemoral syndrome
McMurray's, Apley's
+ test(s) in meniscus injuries
meniscus injuries
signs of this condition are: difficulty squatting and clicking/popping/locking/catching of the knee. PE shows + McMurray's and Apley Grind signs
spurling's test
+ test in cervical radiculopathy
patellofemoral syndrome
medial facet of patella doesn't articulate w/ medial facet of femur due to weak thigh muscles, overuse or overweight, traumatic injury
pain with internal rotation
best provocation diagnosis test for a hip fracture
SI joint pain
first sign of ankylosing spondylitis
spinal stenosis
a 65 y/o patient comes in with an insidious onset of buttock/leg pain. when asked, she says the pain does not go below the knee. the pain interferes with walking, is worse with lumbar extension but better with flexion. You note that she "walks like a drunken sailor" and has a negative SLR. diagnosis?
L5
most common location of spondylolysis
elderly females (over 50 y/o)
who commonly gets hip fractures
iliopsoas bursitis
a patient comes in and has pain in the groin and anterior thigh. it's tender to the touch and pain is worse with hip extension, but better with flexion. diagnosis?
lateral aspect of thigh
where will a patient point is they have trochanteric bursitis
lumbar hyperextension
spondylolysis is an injury associated with what type of movement?
enlarged osteophytes hypertrophy of ligament lava protrusion or IV discs
spinal stenosis arises from what 3 issues that results in narrowing of the spinal canal centrally or lateral recesses causing compression of the theca sac or nerve root?
HNP at L5-S1
sciatic is the inflammation of the sciatic nerve. this is often due to...
alcohol systemic steroids
2 non traumatic causes of vascular necrosis of femoral head
shopping cart appearance
memory trigger of what patients with spinal canal stenosis look like:
cervical radiculopathy
patient comes in with sharp, burning pain or tingling it radiates down into their hand due to nerve root compression + spurling test
avascular necrosis of femoral head
a patient comes in with dull aching pain in the groin, lateral thigh and buttocks. They have an antalgic gait, pain with internal rotation and external rotation of the hip. diagnosis?
1-4 (1 is less than 25%, 2 is 20-25%, 3 is 50-75%, 4 is more than 75%)
how is spondylolisthesis graded?
trochanteric bursitis
a patient comes in and points to the lateral aspect of the thigh and says she has pain with rising from the chair and lying on that side. it's tender to the touch and her leg is resistant to abduction. diagnosis?
LCL injury
+ pain or laxity with varus stress
abduction
in trochanteric bursitis, the leg is resistant to ____ on PE
L5 on S1 L4 on L5
where does spondylolisthesis usually occur?
spondyloarthropathy
another name for ankylosing spondylitis
C7
most common cervical vertebrae to be affected by cervical radiculopathy
ankylosing spondylitis
what is the only back pain issue we discussed hat has worse pain/stiffness in the AM but improves with activity it's classified as the progressive limitation of back motion and chest expansion
varus stress
+ test in LCL injury
no radiation of pain
what is not seen with mechanical neck pain on exam?
MCL
most common ligamentous injury: MCL or LCL
sciatica
patient comes in with LBP that starts at the buttocks and has associated paresthesia and weakness in the toes. there's increased pain with bending, sneezing, coughing the patient has a + SLR, pain on palpation over SI joint and sensory changes. diagnosis?
herniated nucleus pulposus
patient comes in with lower back pain radiating down buttock and below knee the pain worsens with flexion or valsalva, and the patient has motor weakness, asymmetric DTR's and sensory deficits + SLR diagnosis?
anterior uveitis
this is seen in 20-25% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
rule out vascular claudification
before diagnosing spinal stenosis, it's important to evaluate the patient's pedal pulses to see if they are equal. why?
younger patients
acute injuries of the meniscus are common in:
ankylosing spondylitis
what condition is a type of fusing arthritis? it is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton pain is common in the AM and improves with activity, they also can have anterior uveitis more common in males in their 20's
gradual symptoms marked exacerbation with walking or standing improvement with flexion - SLR
4 qualities about spinal stenosis that help you differentiate it from HNP:
L4-L5 L5-S1
90% of disc herniations occur here
hip fracture
an old woman comes in with symptoms of pain in the groin that radiates to the hip and knee. She can't bear weight on that side, and you note the leg is shortened and externally rotated pain with internal rotation is noted. diagnosis?
Section 2
(44 cards)