A condition of being able to resist a particular disease, especially through preventing development of a pathogenic microorganism or by counteracting the effects of its products.
Back
Macro-molecules
Front
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic Acids
Back
Monosacchrides
Front
-Glucose
-Galactose
-Ribose
-Fructose
Back
Monomers
Front
Building blocks, repeated small units, covalent bonds
Back
Catalysis
Front
A substance that increases the rate of reaction without altering anything else. It is not used up during the reaction, and can be used over and over again.
Back
Polysaccharides
Front
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Chitin
Back
Testosterone
Front
Primary sex characteristics (male/female parts, sex drive, production of sperm)
Secondary sex characteristics (more hair, more muscle tone)
Back
Metabolism
Front
The web of all the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism (catabolism+anabolism)
Back
Anabolism
Front
The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules (joins monomers by taking h2o out, requires energy and enzymes)
Chemical reactions of life are organized in pathways
Back
Water vs Methane
Front
water absorbs a lot of energy, while methane doesn't absorb a lot of energy
Back
Use for ice floats
Front
Surface ice insulates water below allowing life to survive the winter
Back
Allosteric Regulation
Front
Conformational changes by regulatory molecule
Back
How lactase breaks down lactose
Front
Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, by pouring lactose into a container filled with lactase gelatin beads which then breaks it down.
Back
Activators (help) (enzymes)
Front
Cofactors- nonprotein and small inorganic compounds and ions
Coenzymes- nonprotein organic molecules that bind temporarily or perminatly to enzyme
Back
Ice floats
Front
Water in solid form is less dense than water at liquid form (H bonds form a crystal)
Back
Who falsified it?
Front
Wolher, by synthesizing urea (found in urine)
Back
Real world connection for universal solvent
Front
Water transports nutrients in your body through your blood (glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, sodium chloride in blood)
Back
Feedback Inhibition
Front
Regulation and coordination of production
Back
High specific heat
Front
Water resists changes in temperature (takes a lot to heat it up and cool it down)
Back
Paradigm shift
Front
Idea change after prove it false
Back
Hydrophobic
Front
Don't attract to water (non-polar)
Back
Universal solvent
Front
Polarity makes water a good solvent which means solvents dissolve solutes creating solutions
Back
Use for ice floats #2
Front
If ice sank, it would kill all marine life and freeze solid
Back
Feedback inhibition procedure
Front
Product is used by next step in pathway, final product in inhibitor of earlier step, not unnecessary accumulation of product
Back
Surface tension
Front
Because of cohesion water sticks to itself which allows the surface tension to be hard to break
Back
Noncompetitive inhibitions (enzymes)
Front
Inhibitor binds to site other than active site
Back
Competitive inhibitions (enzymes)
Front
Inhibitor and substrate "compete" for active site (penicillin- blocks enzyme bacteria used to build cell walls) (disulfiram- treats chronic alcoholism) over come by increasing substrate concentration
Back
Buffers
Front
It reserves the amount of hydrogen, it can either add or subtract hydrogen from the solution to keep it at a regular pH
Back
What is vitalism?
Front
The belief that organic matter cannot be made by non organic matter
Back
Cohesion
Front
Water sticks to itself
Back
Real world connection for adhesion and cohesion
Front
When water moves up the roots of a plant through the xylem vessels to get to the leaves to make photosynthesis.
Back
Irreversible inhibitions types (enzymes)
Front
Competitor- permenently binds to active site
Allosteric- permenantly binds to allosteric site and changes shape on enzyme
Back
Chemical re-activity
Front
Atoms tend to complete/empty a partially fill valance shell
Back
Lactose free milk
Front
Sweeter than regular milk, monossaccharides are sweeter than dissaccharides and polymers, often times use lactose free milk to make ice cream because it has less ice crystals
Back
Hydrophilic
Front
Do attract to water (polar)
Back
Heat of vaporization
Front
Cooling system allows people to sweat the heat off
Back
Van derWaals forces
Front
ionic
Back
Water and pH
Front
neutral = 7, acidic = 1-7, basic = 7-14
Back
What metabolic pathways do?
Front
Divide chemical reaction into many small steps
Back
Adhesion
Front
Water sticks to other polar substances
Back
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Front
Pair of electrons shared equally by 2 atoms
Back
Real world connection for high specific heat
Front
Moderates temperatures in the ocean and then that causes the moderation of temperature on Earth
Back
How does high specific heat work?
Front
Energy absorbed when hydrogen bonds are broken
Back
Hydrogen bonds
Front
Weak bonds, attraction between (+) and (-)
Back
Irreversible inhibition (enzymes)
Front
Inhibitor permanently binds to enzyme
Back
Polar covalent bonds
Front
Pair of electrons shared unequally by 2 atoms (water- oxygen has a stronger attraction for the electrons than hydrogen)
Back
Chemistry of water
Front
H2O molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other and create sticky molecules
Back
HONC?
Front
Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
Back
Hydrogen Bonding
Front
Polar water creates molecular attractions, it is a weak bond
Back
Capillary action
Front
Because of cohesion and adhesion water is able to move up against gravity
Back
Salinity (enzymes)
Front
Changes in salinity will add or remove cations and anions and disrupt bonds
Back
Properties of water
Front
Cohesion and adhesion, universal solvent, ice floats, high specific heat, heat of vaporization,
Back
Inhibitors (enzymes)
Front
Keep enzyme in inactive form
Back
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
Front
Interactions with H2O
Back
Section 4
(14 cards)
Molecular composition diagram for sugar
Front
Back
Draw a unsaturated fatty acid
Front
Back
Trans and cis fatty acids
Front
Unsaturated fatty acids can exist as trans and cis isomers
Back
Hydrogen location on the trans fats
Front
Hydrogen is located on the opposite side of the double bond producing a straight molecule
Back
Draw a D-ribose
Front
Back
Draw b-glucose
Front
Back
Molecular diagram for lipids
Front
Back
Draw an amino acid
Front
Back
Draw a-glucose
Front
Back
Molecular diagram for polypeptide
Front
Back
Trans fats
Front
Not beneficial for human health, artificially made by pumping in hydrogen, packs together more tightly, increases risk of coronary heart disease
Back
Cis fats
Front
More natural than trans fats, pack less tightly
Back
B plated sheet
Front
Back
Hydrogen location on the cis fats
Front
Have hydrogen on the same side of the double bond making the molecule bend