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What is the central dogma of protein synthesis?

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (17)

Section 1

(17 cards)

What is the central dogma of protein synthesis?

Front

A framework to describe the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Back

Nonsense Mutation

Front

When one nucleotide replaces another one, replacing the amino acid with a STOP.

Back

What are the different types of mutations?

Front

Silent, Missense, Nonsense, Frameshift (Insertion and Deletion)

Back

Ribosome

Front

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.

Back

What is a mutation?

Front

A mutation is a change that occurs in DNA or RNA.

Back

Transcription

Front

Information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA.

Back

mRNA

Front

A single stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene. Leaves cell nucleus and moves to cytoplasm, where the proteins are made.

Back

Deletion Mutation

Front

a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are removed from a gene

Back

Insertion Mutation

Front

a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene.

Back

Silent Mutation

Front

One nucleotide is replaced with another one, but it doesn't change the amino acid produced.

Back

Codon

Front

A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Back

Gene

Front

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring.

Back

How do mutations occur in organisms?

Front

If an error occurs while DNA is copying itself during cell division. Or possibly environmental factors, (ex. UV radiation)

Back

Missense Mutation

Front

When one nucleotide is replaced with another nucleotide, and a new amino acid is produced.

Back

Translation

Front

Information passed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids.

Back

Amino Acid

Front

A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.

Back

tRNA

Front

An RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein.

Back