Section 1
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teratogens
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (55)
Section 1
(50 cards)
teratogens
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
insecure attachment
attachments marked by anxiety or ambivalence
secondary sex characteristics
nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
intimacy
in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood
spermarche
boys' first ejaculation
secure attachment
attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy
X chromosome
the sex chromosome found in both men and women
Y chromosome
the sex chromosome found only in males
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
aggression
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
gender role
a set of expected behaviors for males or for females
gender
in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
temperament
a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
social identity
the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships
role
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
testosterone
Male sex hormone
primary sex characteristics
the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
preoperational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
theory of mind
people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.
schema
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
conservation
the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
fetus
the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
self-concept
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
strange situation
a behavioral test developed by Mary Ainsworth that is used to determine a child's attachment style
identity
our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles
sensorimotor stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
stranger anxiety
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions
maturation
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
menarche
the first menstrual period
scaffold
a temporary platform used in work on a building
object permanence
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
attachment
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
critical period
an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
intersex
possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes
imprinting
the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an early-life critical period
developmental psychology
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
puberty
the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
emerging adulthood
for some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood
embryo
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
adolescence
the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
egocentrism
in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
accommodation
the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
sex
the biological distinction between females and males
menopause
the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
assimilation
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
zygote
fertilized egg
Section 2
(5 cards)