Section 1
Preview this deck
Doppler Effect
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
4 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (83)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Doppler Effect
the apparent change in wave's frequency or wavelength because of the relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer
free fall
an object's movement under the influence of only the force of gravity, where the acceleration is due to gravity (G). Examples of this would include an object traveling (for a moment) upward.
Gravitational Potential Energy
Energy related to the position of an object above or below a reference point. Can not be possessed by a single object; rather it is energy stored between two objects due to their relative positions and masses
density
the mass per volume of a material, used as a measure of compactness of a substance.
Coulomb's Law
describes the force of attraction or repulsion between two electric charges. The electrostatic force is proportional to the magnitude of the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them squared.
inelastic collision
when two objects collide like this, the momentum of the system is conserved, but kinetic energy from the system will be transferred to other non-mechanical forms (such as heat, sound or deformation of the objects).
elastic collisions
when two objects collide, the momentum and the kinetic energy of the system are conserved. The two objects bounce off each other without any loss of kinetic energy
constructive interference
when the crests of two waves meet up, and they add to form (for an instant) a larger wave.
current
the rate of flow of positive charge Measured in: Amperes (Amps) (A)
Gravitational Field
a model explaining how massive bodies exert gravitational forces on other bodies. The gravitational force created by a massive central object divided by the mass of any other object at a given distance from the center of the object
Newton's First Law of Motion
Also called the Law of Inertia, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion, at a constant velocity, unless acted on by an outside force.
Kirchhoff's Laws
these laws are used to describe current flow and potential difference throughout DC circuits. They simplify to conservation laws, specifically conservation of energy and conservation of charge.
electrostatic force
the force between objects caused by their electric charges. Governed by Coulomb's Law Measured in: Newton's (N)
force of gravity
(also called weight) how hard the Earth pulls on you. Depends on the mass of the Earth, your mass, and how far you are from the center of the Earth. g=9.8m/s^2
parallel
circuit elements are connected where the path for the current splits and then comes back together. Elements connected will have the same potential difference across them.
power
the rate at which work is done, or energy is used per second. This can be simplified to the product of force and velocity. Measured in: Joules/seconds or Watts (W)
Gravitational force
the universal force existing between two objects because of their masses
centripetal acceleration
a "center-seeking" acceleration. An object moving in a circle experiences this acceleration directed radially inward.
inertia
the property of an object's mass that causes it to move in a straight line at a constant velocity. It may also be thought of as the object's resistance to acceleration used in Newton's Second Law (F=ma)
Free Body Diagram or Force Diagram
a diagram showing the magnitude and the direction of all forces acting on an object
force
any push or pull (contact or not) from one object on another which could cause or contribute to the acceleration (or change in velocity) of one or both objects. Vector quantity Measured in: Newtons (N)
center of mass
a unique point in an object or a system where one can consider all the mass as being concentrated
kinetic energy
the energy associated with the motion of an object Measured in: Joules (J)
displacement
a vector quantity, measured in meters, which tells us how far an object is from its initial position.
angular momentum
the object's rotational inertia times its rotational velocity. For an object rotating a distance about a central axis of rotation, it is the product of its torque over a given time interval.
lever arm
(also called the moment arm) is a quantity used in rotating systems and is defined as the distance between the rotation point and where a given force is applied
acceleration
how much an object's velocity changes each second.
beats
interference that happens when two notes of unequal but close frequencies are played simultaneously.
impulse
the change in an object's momentum which is equal to the product of the net force on an object and the time interval over which the force is applied.
interference
when two waves cross over and through each other, they will interact with one another.
mechanical energy
the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system. Deals with the energy associated with an object's motion and relative position within a system
normal force
a contact force existing between two objects that keeps one object from invading another object's space. Normal means perpendicular, and the normal force, by extension, is a force perpendicular to a surface.
mass
the amount of matter in an object and will be the same no matter where you travel in the universe Measured in: Kilograms (kg)
internal energy
this can have two meanings depending on the situation. 1st: microscopic, related to temperature of the object (for example a box sliding across the floor comes to stop) (heating up the box and the floor). 2nd: referencing the total stored potential energy of the system.
momentum
the product of its mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity. Always the same direction as the object's velocity. Measured in: kg x m/s
coefficient of friction
a unitless quantity that tells us how "sticky" two surfaces are when rubbed past one another.
kinetic frictional force
a resistive force that opposes the sliding motion of an object. This force exists between the surface and the sliding object when the object is moving relative to the surface. Force is parallel to the surface and opposite to the direction of motion.
charge
a fundamental property of matter that is affected by an electric field. It is measured by an excess or deficit of electrons on an object. Symbol: Q Measured in: Coulombs (C)
frequency
the inverse of period, the number of cycles or of wavelengths passing a position every second. Measured in: Hertz (Hz)
nodes
The stationary point(s) on a standing wave where the amplitude is a minimum.
amplitude
the distance from the midpoint of a wave to either the crest or the trough. For an oscillating system, it is the distance between the maximum displacement and the equilibrium position.
antinodes
positions on a standing wave with the maximum amplitude.
object
a physical body of collection of matter
period
the time for a complete cycle or the time for a full wavelength to pass a position. Measured in: Seconds (s)
position
the location of an object is relative to a chosen or given coordinate system. Measured in: meters (m)
distance
a scalar quantity, measured in meters, telling how far an object has traveled
destructive interference
when the crest and a trough from two waves meet up and add to form (for an instant) a much smaller wave.
Newton's Third Law of Motion
This law states that every action has an equal an opposite reaction. In other words, the force that object A exerts on object B is the same size and in the opposite direction to the force that object B exerts on object A. Action-reaction pairs act on different objects and NEVER cancel out.
longitudinal wave
carries energy by vibrating the particles of the medium parallel to the direction that the energy is being carried through the medium
Newton's Second Law of Motion
This law states that the net force (or the total force) on an object will cause an acceleration that is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. This acceleration is always in the direction of the net force. For any system of constant mass, a larger net force will produce a larger acceleration. With a given net force, the resulting acceleration will be less for a more massive object.
Section 2
(33 cards)