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AP Physics 1: Oscillations & Wave Mechanics

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Section 1

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Hooke's Law

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Mar 14, 2020

Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

Hooke's Law

Front

the force required to displace a mass on a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium F = kx

Back

Fundamental Frequency

Front

The lowest possible frequency that produces resonance for a standing wave pattern.

Back

Longitudinal Wave

Front

A wave that vibrates the medium in a direction parallel to the direction the wave travels. Also called a Compression Wave. Example: Sound

Back

Harmonic

Front

Whole number (integer) multiples of the fundamental frequency.

Back

Periodic Wave

Front

A repeating disturbance in a medium causing a continuous wave at regular intervals.

Back

Destructive Interference

Front

When different parts of the wave meet (waves are out of phase) Produces a reduced amplitude

Back

Beats

Front

Alternating constructive and destructive interference pattern formed when 2 waves have very close, but slightly different frequencies.

Back

Oscillation

Front

repetitive, back-and-forth motion across the equilibrium position

Back

Pulse

Front

A single disturbance in a medium, which causes a single wave.

Back

Absorption

Front

A material takes in wave energy and dissipates it instead of reflecting or transmitting it through.

Back

Transverse Wave

Front

A wave that vibrates the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels. Examples: Waves on Strings, Light

Back

Transmission

Front

A wave passes from one medium into another. Frequency remains constant.

Back

Wave

Front

A disturbance in a medium that transmits energy between two points. A form of moving energy.

Back

Period

Front

Time required to complete one full oscillation. For both oscillations and waves. Measured in seconds. Inverse of frequency

Back

Medium

Front

The material a wave travels through

Back

Propagate

Front

Transmit (or move) through a medium

Back

Resonance

Front

The increase in the amplitude of vibration that occurs when the external forced vibrations match the object's natural frequency.

Back

Frequency

Front

Number of completed cycles per unit of time. For both oscillations and waves. Measured in Hertz (Hz) Inverse of Period

Back

Principle of Superposition

Front

When two or more waves interfere with each other, the resultant wave is the sum the amplitudes

Back

Node

Front

Position of complete destructive interference on a standing wave. No amplitude.

Back

Antinode

Front

Position of constructive interference on a standing wave. Maximum amplitude (double the amplitude of the incident waves).

Back

Doppler Effect

Front

An observed change in the frequency of a wave due to relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer

Back

Simple Harmonic Motion

Front

Oscillatory motion that conserves energy. Examples: Simple Pendulum, and Mass on an Ideal Spring

Back

Amplitude

Front

The maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium (midpoint) position. Associated with energy. For both oscillations and waves. Determines volume for sound. Determines brightness for light.

Back

Pitch

Front

Tells how "high" the sound is. Determined by the frequency.

Back

Standing Wave

Front

A wave that appears to stay in place. Consists of nodes of non-movement and antinodes of maximum displacement.

Back

Reflection

Front

A wave bounces off a boundary and reverses the direction of travel. Fixed End = amplitude is reversed Free (Open) End = amplitude is maintained

Back

Natural Frequency

Front

A frequency at which an undriven oscillatory system will tend to vibrate at. Minimum energy is required to continue vibration at that frequency. Also called resonant frequency.

Back

Constructive Interference

Front

When similar parts of the wave meet (waves are in phase) Produces a greater amplitude

Back

Interference

Front

When multiple waves meet in the same medium at the same time.

Back

Wavelength

Front

The distance a wave travels as the medium complete one oscillation. The distance between two identical points on successive waves. Measured in meters.

Back