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memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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founder effect

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (34)

Section 1

(34 cards)

founder effect

Front

genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area

Back

experimental study

Front

the researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables

Back

Agents of Microevolution

Front

1. Genetic drift 2. Gene flow 3. Mutations 4.Nonrandom Mating 5. Natural selection

Back

English peppered moth

Front

used to be white -> indust rev turned trees black -> moths quickly changed color so they could camouflage again -> clean air act -> trees turned white again -> moths quickly changed color back again

Back

diversifying selection

Front

a type of evolution that simultaneously favors at both extremes of the distribution

Back

Microevolution

Front

Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.

Back

Inferences

Front

conclusions based on observations

Back

Parts of a cell

Front

Cell membrane, cell wall, centriole, chloroplasts, chromatin, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, flagella, golgi complex/apparatus, lysosome, mitochondria, nucleolus, nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole

Back

biological classification

Front

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Back

Conditions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Front

1. No mutations 2. Random mating 3. No natural selection 4. Extremely large population size 5. No gene flow

Back

Eukaryotic cells

Front

have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Back

control group

Front

In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.

Back

empirical evidence

Front

information we can verify with our senses

Back

Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Front

1. No mutations 2. Random mating 3. No natural selection 4. Extremely large population size 5. No gene flow

Back

bottleneck effect

Front

a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in its size

Back

directional selection

Front

occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait

Back

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Front

condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time

Back

Characteristics of living things

Front

1.cells 2.reproduction 3.genetic code 4.growth & development 5.Use energy 6.response to environment 7.homeostasis 8.evolution

Back

eukaryotic plant cell vs animal cell

Front

chloroplasts, cell wall, large vacuole

Back

hardy-weinberg law

Front

The Hardy-Weinberg law states that even with all the shuffling of genes that goes on, the relative frequencies of genotypes in a population still prevail over time; the dominant gene doesn't become more prevalent and the recessive gene doesn't disappear. The Hardy-Weinberg law only applies if a population meets five conditions: large population, no mutations, no immigration or emigration, random mating, and no natural selection.

Back

gene pool

Front

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

Back

Theory

Front

well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

Back

Genome

Front

all of an organism's genetic material

Back

observational study

Front

a study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed

Back

Species

Front

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

Back

Genus

Front

A group of similar species

Back

stablizing selection

Front

individuals with the average form of a trait have the highest fitness

Back

prokaryotic cells

Front

do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Back

cellular respiration

Front

reverse of photosynthesis

Back

Chytridiomycosis

Front

fungal infection in amphibians

Back

test group

Front

exposed to the experimental variable

Back

Observation

Front

the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information.

Back

Hypothesis

Front

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Back

Population

Front

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Back