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memorize.ai (lvl 286)

Section 1

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New Jersey Plan

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Politics

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1 year ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (28)

Section 1

(28 cards)

New Jersey Plan

Front

the unicameral legislature, equal representation of each state, representatives elected by state legislatures, multi-person executive, favored by small states

Back

Brown v. Board of Education

Front

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Back

Divided government

Front

The conditions in American government in which the presidency is controlled by one party while the opposing party controls one or both houses of congress

Back

procedural restraints

Front

Limits on how government can do things. Example, citizens are guaranteed due process of law when they are charged with a crime.

Back

collective action

Front

the pooling of resources and the coordination of effort and activity by a group of people (often a large one) to achieve common goals

Back

Federalism in the United States

Front

was a compromise for how power should be distributed between the national and state governments

Back

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Front

This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.

Back

Judicial Branch

Front

Provides for a supreme court and other federal court as congress establishes

Back

Ratification Process

Front

9 of 13 states have to ratify before Constitution can go into effect

Back

Authoritarian

Front

no formal limits places on government, but government may be effectively limited by other social institutions

Back

Totalitarian

Front

No formal or effective limits on government's power of any kind

Back

Separation of Powers

Front

Seeks to limit the power of the federal government by dividing government against itself

Back

Constitutional

Front

formal and effective limits are placed on the powers of government

Back

Legislative Branch

Front

creates laws

Back

Three-Fifths Compromise

Front

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)

Back

unified government

Front

The condition in American government in which the presidency and both houses of Congress are controlled by a single political party

Back

Separation of Powers in United States

Front

Doctrine of constitutional law under which the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate.

Back

The First Clause

Front

Separation of church and state. Strict separation vs government showing no favoritism to any religion

Back

Virginia Plan

Front

Bicameral legislator, a representation based on population, one house elected by people, other elected by state legislature, a single executive on by congress, favored by large states.

Back

How to change the constitution

Front

First, Congress must propose an amendment or there must be a two-thirds vote in the house of representatives. The amendment is proposed usually as a joint resolution. The amendment is sent to each state, it must be ratified by ¾.

Back

Executive Branch

Front

vests the executive power in a president of the United States

Back

Great Compromise

Front

agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation

Back

Federalism

Front

The division of powers and functions between the national government and state governments

Back

Civil Liberties

Front

are protections of citizens from improper governmental action

Back

Five Principles of Politics

Front

1. All political behavior has a purpose 2. Institutions structure politics 3. All politics is collective action 4. Political outcomes are the products of individual preferences, institutional procedures, and collective action 5. How we got here matters

Back

Substantive restraints

Front

Limits what the government can do. Example, restricting freedom of speech

Back

8th Amendment

Front

Prohibits excessive bail and fines. Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment

Back

Checks and Balances

Front

With checks and balances, each of the three branches of government can limit the powers of the others.

Back