Section 1
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Moliere
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (63)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Moliere
Comic actor and playwright who wrote comedies that were satire on French Society and wrote Thartuffe, The Miser, The Misanthrope, and The School for Wives. He was given grants by Louis XIV in Versailles.
Frederick II
King of the Prussians who saw his friend beheaded. He attacked Maria Theresa breaking the Pragmatic Sanction and starting the war of Austrian Succession. He helped Prussia become great by capturing Silesia and allying with Britain.
Louis XIV
The (Sun King) ruler of France who created versailles and lived luxuriously. He used Versailles to get nobels to give up their luxuriuos life style, and be his servant. He was absolute ruler.
Peter the Great
King of Russia who modernized the country by changing th calendar and gave women rights and he also improved its economy drastically. He favoured mercantilism and was an absolute ruler. He built St. Petersburg because he needed a warm water port for trading which helped improve the economy.
Henry VIII
The king of England who separated from the pope. He wanted a divorce from his wife, who couldn't give him a male heir. The pope didn't grant him this, so He seperated from the pope, and made a new church, the English or Anglican church. It was finalized by the Act of Supremacy and the reformation parliament. He closed the monasteries.
Tariff
Tax on imported goods coming into the country. Earned money for France, and other mercantilist countries.
Cavaliers
Those who were loyal to King Charles in the civil war in England.
Divine Right
The theory that the kings power came from God.
Mary Stuart Queen of Scots
Was Catholic and was caught by Elizabeth plotting to overthrow her. She was beheaded shortly after by Elizabeth.
Subsidy
A grant of money from the government and tax benefits for companies to increase economic growth and stability.
Stuart
The dynasty that succeeded the Tudors. Started by James I, this dynasty ruled during the turbulent English Civil war and included James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II, and Mary & her husband, William of Orange.
Hohellenzerns
Rulers of Prussia who owned Brandenburg( one of the most important states.)
The Great Northern War
The war against Sweden that Peter fought, for a warm water port on the Baltic sea. Peter won, and built his new capital, St. Petersburg, on his newly acquired lands.
Burgesses
The middle class in which Edward I the king at the time used them to raise his taxes because they were experiencing the growth of towns and trade.
Nation State
France and England started to form their own borders and the Kings & Middle Class gained more power. They were united under one government and one cultural status.
Mazarin
Cardinal who held most of the power in France since Louis was 10 and he represented France at the peace conference after the 30 year war. He had harsh policies which led to the Frond since nobles thought he was stripping away their privilages and power. He was eventually replaced by Louis XIV.
Junkers
Prussias landowning nobility. Frederick was able to gain and maintain control by promoting them in the army.
Edict of Nantes
Protected the religious freedom of the Huguenots and when Louis XIV destroyed it they could no longer go to church or school, and they were imprisoned as enemies of the state. They fled the country because of this and France lost many skilled workers, losing many of the people in their chief export, luxury goods.
Seven Years War
The war that was participated in by almost all the major countries of the world, started by Prussia vs Austria. It was Austria, France, and Russia against Britain and Prussia. Britain and Prussia won, but the only people the war profited were the brits, who got Gibraltar, and all of France's colonies and much more. Established Britain as the world superpower, even they were not absolutist.
Queen Elizabeth
The last of the tudor dynasty. She was a great ruler who was so great, her rule is called the Elizabethan age. She defeated King Philip and the Spanish Armada, establishing Britain as the best naval power, and the world superpower.
Spanish Armada
The "invincible" armada put together by King Philip of Spain. It was defeated by Elizabeth and her sea dogs, establishing Britain as the naval power and superpower of the world.
Henry VII
He got lots of money from imported goods. He encourages trade and he made treaties to open up more business opportunities. Didn't go into expensive wars to avoid losing money. He also limited nobles power of military might. Henry also created a court where people were tortured and many bad things occurred there.
Colbert
Louis XIV's minister of finance who believed in Mercantilism. He wanted to improve France's economy by making it a trading hub. He improved manufacturing, commerce, colonies, and created a navy and ships to export. He wanted to import more than he exported and imposed tariffs. He also granted subsidies.
Elizabethan Age
What Elizabeth's reign was called. It was a golden age when people were patriotic about England, and they made a lot of money and gained a lot of power.
William Shakespear
A playwright who lived during Elizabeth and James I's rules. He wrote many plays and helped grow the culture of Britain.
Maria Theresa
Queen of the Hapsburgs who was attacked by many countries for being a woman and she had many allies and gave a speech to win over the hungarians. She stopped the armies from taking over Austria, stopping the crushing of her country bu the Prussians.
Limited Monarchy
main idea of the Magna Carta and showed up in later years with Charles II(Petition of Rights) and with the Bill of Rights.
King John
Terrible military leader and lost multiple lands to Philip Augustus. Kept taxing barons high amounts to pay for his costly wars that he kept losing. Barons gots mad and made him sign the Magna Carta which limited the King's power but took another 300 years to actually come into effect. The Magna Carta took the away King's power to randomly tax people meaning No taxation without representation. Clause 39 due process of the law.
Magna Carta
The document that the nobles made King John sign, which stated that taxes could only be levied with the consent of England, the right to trial by jury, and, most importantly, the idea of limited monarchy, which meant that the king was not and absolute ruler.
Roundheads
Puritans and merchants who supported Parliament and were against Charles.
Francis Drake
Was called a sea dog and pretty much is a pirate who raided Spanish fleets filled with gold and silver due to Spain's discoveries in South America. Was the second man to sail around the world and came back with 600000 pounds.
Holy Synod
Created by Peter the Great and was a group of High Priests that were the new church since Peter destroyed the Patriarch.
Serfs
Lowest class in Russian society who worked on the boyars' estates and were basically slaves.
Export
To ship your goods to other countries for money.
King Henry II
was the king of England and owned more than half of France. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine which helped him to gain lots of riches
Boyars
Russian landowning families of nobility
King James I
The king who succeeded Elizabeth and clashed a lot with Parliament. He believed in the divine right of kings, and thought he only had to answer to god, not the people. His son, Charles I, was just like him.
The Frond
Violent riots in Paris that spread through the countryside for 5 years. Broke into Louis XIV's home when he was a boy, possibly contributing to the kind of ruler he became.
Tudor
The dynasty that ruled England for many years. Ended with Elizabeth, who had no tudor relatives. Gave way to the Stuart dynasty.
Charles I
The son of James I, who caused civil war in England. He had too much pride and not enough common sense. He always got into it with parliament, and dissolved them for many years, before putting them back together to get money for a war he started with Scotland because William Laud restricted their religious freedoms. He didn't like that they started to restrict his power, and tried to get him to sign the petition or right, which was a reiteration of the magna carta. He got angry, and tried to arrest parliament. They found out, escaped, and went to war with him, and he fled to the north of Scotland, where he had followers because of his dad. He lost the war, and he was beheaded in London.
Joint Stock Company
Created by Elizabeth to help her financial problems. People bought shares of a company and if the company went bankrupt, the people lost their money. If the company did well, you were entitled to some profit.
War of Spanish Succession
War fought against France and Spain because they were linked by blood and people felt threatened that they would have to much power. At the end Spain could keep its ruler but France and Spain could never rule together. Helped by the balance of Power.
House of Lords
A house in parliament that was made up of nobles and bishops .
House of commons
A house in parliament that was made up of knights and burgesses(common people)
Racine
Wrote Tragedies with Corneille based on Greek playwrights and was loved by Louis XIV, who gave him grants.
Mercantilism
The theory of exporting more goods, then you import, and imposing tariffs on goods passing through. Also, giving subsidies to workers to develop more good, and establishing colonies for raw materials and money.
Hapsburgs
Ruling family of Austria who lost a lot of land in the 30 year war but gained a lot in the war of Spanish Succession. There large empire was able to last because they had a Hapsburg ruler always. They
Import
To bring goods from other countries
Act of Uniformity
The law put in by Elizabeth which set up a single church that she was the head of. People were forced to attend. She did this to eliminate religious conflict in England. She made it a compromise from all sects of Christianity.
Parliament
Two burgesses from every country and two knights and this made up the Model Parliament. Knights and burgesses were in the House of Commons and nobles and bishops were in the house of Lords.
Section 2
(13 cards)