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AP Human Geography Unit 1

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Section 1

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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Geography

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (42)

Section 1

(42 cards)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Front

A computer hardware and software system that handles geographically referenced data. -uses and produces maps and has the ability to perform many types of spatial analysis.

Back

*Mercator

Front

Straight meridians and parallels that intersect at right angles. (Used for navigation & not accurate)

Back

projection

Front

the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map

Back

choropleth maps

Front

a thematic map in which ranked classes of some variable are depicted with shading patterns or colors for predefined zones

Back

distribution

Front

the arrangement of a feature in space

Back

3 types of regions

Front

formal, functional, & vernacular

Back

*Robinson

Front

pro: display info across oceans con: land area are much smaller

Back

Toponym

Front

the name given to a portion of Earth's surface

Back

meridian

Front

an arc drawn btwn the North & South pole

Back

Greenwich Mean Time

Front

the time at the prime meridian - the master reference time for all points on Earth.

Back

Diffusion

Front

the process by which a feature spreads across space from on place to another over time.

Back

absolute location

Front

specific place, uses grids, longitude & latitude

Back

isoline maps

Front

a thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value

Back

map scale

Front

the relationship of a feature's size on a map to it's actual size on a map to it's actual size on Earth

Back

site

Front

the physical character of a place (ex. climate, water source, topography, soil, vegetation, longitude & latitude)

Back

*Goode Homolosine

Front

Tears, or interruptions, minimize specific distortions. They are placed to group related parts of the map together.

Back

functional/nodal region

Front

(nodal) an area organized around a focal point

Back

4 types of distortion

Front

(D.D.R.S) shape, distance, relative size, & direction

Back

mashup

Front

a map that overlays data from on source on top of a map provided by a mapping service such as Google Maps or Google Earth

Back

concentration

Front

the extent of a feature's spread over space

Back

pattern

Front

the geometric or regular arrangement of something

Back

prime meridian

Front

the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England (0 degrees longitude)

Back

climate

Front

long-term average weather condition at a particular location

Back

thematic maps

Front

A map designed to convey information about a single topic or theme, such as population density or geology.

Back

hearth

Front

a place from which an innovation originates

Back

situation

Front

the location of a place relative to other places (finding an unfamiliar place & understanding its importance)

Back

vernacular/perceptual region

Front

(perceptual) an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity ex. the south

Back

diffusion

Front

the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time

Back

globalization

Front

a force/process that INVOLVES the ENTIRE WORLD & results in making something WORLDWIDE in scope

Back

remote sensing

Front

using long distance methods like satellite imagery to GATHER DATA about the Earth's surface

Back

dot maps

Front

a thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable

Back

cartography

Front

the science of making maps

Back

mental map

Front

Image of picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space.

Back

latitude

Front

the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel

Back

International Date Line

Front

180 degrees (move clock back 24 hrs/ entire day, if you are heading eastward toward America

Back

longitude

Front

the numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe & measuring distance east & west of the prime meridian

Back

formal/uniform region

Front

(uniform) an area w/in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristic, & drawn w/ borders (ex. Canada, rice-growing areas)

Back

density

Front

the frequency of "something" in a given UNIT AREA (ex. ppl per unit)

Back

parallel

Front

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator & at right angles to the meridians

Back

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Front

determines precise location based on satellite signals

Back

*cartogram maps

Front

(similar to thematic) travel time, population, or Gross National Product - is substituted for land area or distance

Back

relative location

Front

directional words & using distance

Back