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PAD4374- Exam 1

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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Religious terrorism

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (35)

Section 1

(35 cards)

Religious terrorism

Front

A group inspired or directed by a higher power to commit terrorism; is particularly dangerous due to the fanaticism of those who practice it and their willingness to sacrifice themselves for the cause; they are likely to use "all in" tactics such as suicide bombings

Back

Mumbai Attacks

Front

Perpetrated by a Pakistani terrorist organization Lashkar-e-Taiba. Example of international terrorism because it involved a Pakistani terrorist group attacking Indian targets.

Back

closed state sponsored terrorism

Front

deny their country's role in supporting terrorist activities--this gives them plausible deniability. Right now that is 4 countries: Iran, Sudan, Syria, and North Korea

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Terrorism

Front

A form of socio/political violence in which the terrorists have specific objectives that they are attempting to achieve and have chosen symbolic targets to draw attention to their cause

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1993 WTC Bombing

Front

Attack on the WTC where a truck bomb was detonated in the North Tower underground garage with the goal of toppling the North Tower into the South Tower, and if the truck had been parked closer to the foundation it could have happened. After this event, the Center and many businesses revamped their evacuation plans (this saved many lives during 9/11)

Back

O'Brien

Front

Believed that the question of legitimate violence contributes to our understanding of terrorism and distinguished that, "the forced used by a democratic state is legitimate while the violence of the terrorist is not legitimate."

Back

Laqueur

Front

Believed that "the vagueness--indeed the utter carelessness--with which the term terrorism is used, not only in the media but also in government announcements and by academic students of the subject

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2001 9/11 Attacks

Front

19 Islamic militants hijackers took control of 4 planes, 3 of which reached their intended targets: Pentagon (125 killed), WTC (2,606 killed), and Shanksville, PA (40 killed). Resulted in the ongoing Afghan War called Operation Enduring Freedom from 10/7/2001-present

Back

1998 Embassy Bombings

Front

On August 7, bombs exploded outside the American embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya. Only 12 of the dead were American. 213 people were killed in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The attacks were committed by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad which brought OBL and al-Zawahiri into the spotlight. Afterward, President Clinton ordered Operation Infinite Reach that used cruise missiles to attack sites in Sudan and Afghanistan

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Logistical/material supporters

Front

Supporters that KNOW they are in direct support of the organization

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state sponsored terrorism

Front

terrorism "from above" committed by governments against perceived enemies

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1995 OK City Bombing Aftermath

Front

The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 was enacted, which basically streamlined the process of concluding death penalty convictions for those found guilty of terrorism

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Criminal terrorism example

Front

several criminal-controlled Russian companies operate transport companies and the familiarity of criminal enterprises with export licensing and their ability to corrupt officials and hide illicit cargo in legal consignments could all assist nuclear smuggling

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Robespierre

Front

Believed that "virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless."

Back

Army of God

Front

Example of dissident vigilante terrorism. It is a domestic Christian fundamentalist terrorist organization founded in 1982 in the U.S., where it is a non-state group that would attack its enemies

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Nativism

Front

combining xenophobia, or a fear of outsiders, or a belief in the superiority of one's homeland, is a potent ideology that has found roots in various societies around the globe

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Jewish sicarrii

Front

Were assassins who were paid to do targeted killing of figure heads. They were terrorists in Jerusalem because they killed random Roman citizens on the streets with a larger purpose.

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Facilitators

Front

People, systems, or organizations that serve as communication pathways and hubs for delivering information

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1995 OK City Bombing

Front

- At 9:02 am on April 19, a 4800 lb truck bomb exploded outside of the Murrah Federal Building - The ANFO bomb was made with materials easily purchased - This attack was in retaliation of Ruby Ridge and Waco - The Murrah Building housed regional offices of the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Secret Service, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, the agency that had launched the initial raid on the Branch Davidian compound - The blast killed 168 people, including 6 children, and injured hundreds - Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nicols were found guilty, receiving the death penalty and life sentences respectively

Back

Religious terrorism example

Front

In 2012, Neo-Nazi Wade Michael Page, a self-identified devout Christian, shoots up a Sikh temple in Wisconsin. Page killed 6 American Sikh's in part as retaliation for the "Arab godlessness of 9/11"

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International Terrorism

Front

Terrorist acts directed by foreign groups who transcend national boundaries

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Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTO)

Front

These groups are designated by the State Department with a series of criteria because their activities threaten the security of US citizens or the national security of the US

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Ideological Supporters

Front

Hold beliefs and views that align with the terrorist organization

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Ruby Ridge and Waco aftermath

Front

Due to the way that federal agencies handled these events, the US government no longer engages with entrenched separatists; the just monitor them, report them, and wait.

Back

Terrorism

Front

By most legal and political definitions, this act involves the following: the use or threat of extraordinary violence; it is conducted by an organization with an identifiable chain of command or conspirational cell structure (members wear no uniform, insignia); and their choice of victims for their symbolic, rather than their instrumental, value.

Back

Transnational Terrorism

Front

Involves group or individuals whose terrorist activities cross international borders AND target countries are not represented in the make-up of the group

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Criminal terrorism

Front

Terrorism motivated by sheer profit; clear example that using terror tactics does not make you terrorists

Back

CIA's definition of terrorism

Front

The premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience

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the goal and home of the attacker and the target of the attacker

Front

The type of terrorism is determined by....

Back

Terrorist Actor

Front

Have the intent to bring violence into play and the capability to carry out the attack

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Robespierre's Great Terror (Reign of Terror)

Front

Popularized the term and, for the first time recommended its systematic application on reaching the goals of a state

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Financial supporters

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Provide money through direct contributions, fund raisers, or the purchase. It is possible some donors many not be aware their money is financially supporting a terror organization

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Terrorist Organization

Front

Gets credit for the attack

Back

USS Cole 2001

Front

The Navy's guided missile destroyer was docked at the port of Aden, Yemen for a routine fuel stop. A small boat driven by members of al-Qaeda approached the port side of the ship and detonated ~500 lbs of shaped charges

Back

dissident terrorism

Front

action taken against ethno-national groups, religious groups, governments, and other perceived enemies. In this type of terrorism, there can be the support or acquaintence of public officials. Examples include racists, nativists (favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants), anti-semitics, pro-lifer, animal rights, etc.

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