Humanties 10 Unit 4: Equity 2020-2021

The _______ _______ ___ of 1965 removed  barriers to black enfranchisement in the South, banning poll taxes, literacy test, and other measures that effectively prevented African Americans from voting

Voting Rights Act

Linda Brown's father, Oliver Brown was encouraged by NAACP chief counsel ______________ ______________ to bring lawsuit against Topeka school district, which later became Brown v. Broad combined with four other cases.

Thurgood Marshall

the _____ ___________ ______ of 1968 was U.S. Federal legislation that protects individuals and families from discrimination in the sale, rental, financing, or advertising of housing

Fair Housing Act

 ____ ____ laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South, all were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th century after Reconstruction era, leading to economic, educational social disadvantages for non-white people .

Jim Crow

The __________ __________ __________ __________ (SNCC), formed in 1960, focused on mobilizing local communities in nonviolent protests to expose injustice and demand federal action and promoted voter registration in the South.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

On December 1, 1955, _______ ________, a black seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery Alabama fro refusing to give up her bus seat so that white passengers could sit in

Rosa Parks

From 1895 to 1910 , The __________ Clause was used by seven Southern States to deny African Americans to vote. The  provided that those who have voted before 1866 or 1867 or their descendants, would be exempt for education, tax or property requirements to vote

Grandfather clause

The _____ ________ __ of 1964 was the most comprehensive civil rights legislation ever enacted by Congress. It contain extensive  measures to dismantle Jim Crow  segregation and combat racial discrimination

Civil Rights Act

The ______ v. ______ case was a landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decisions that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine , however the court case made it officially legal to segregate race in the U.S.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A Reconstruction Failure, The  ___ ____ ____ was  established in 1866 as a white supremacy and anti-immigrantion and used terrorism against groups or individuals whom they opposed

Ku Klux Klan

At the March on Washington, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his inspiration "__ ______ __ ________" speech, which envisioned a world where people were judged not by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character

I Have a Dream

The _____ Amendment was ratified in 1865 and "abolished" slavery in the US

13th Amendment

Sharecropping is also known as slavery by another name since the sharecropper was always in _____

debt

Rosa Park's arrest sparked the _______________  _____ ___________, which the black citizens of Montgomery refused to ride the city's buses in protest over the bus system's policy of racial segregation and was considered the first mass-action of the modern civil rights era.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

The era of _____________ was a period in U.S. history from 1865-1877 where the US would rebuild its nation, but conflicts arises because disagree on how to deal with South

Reconstruction

Along with resistance from Southerners, President ___________ vetoed funding of the Freedmen's Bureau, claiming  it interfered with states rights and gave preference  to one group of citizens over another

President Johnson

The ____________ ______ of 1961 were organized by the CORE

Freedom Rides

______________ was a way for very poor farmers, both white and black, to earn a living from land owned by someone else and was the response to economic upheaval caused by the end of slavery 

Sharecropping

State troopers attacked civil rights activist with tear gas, nightsticks, and electric cattle prods during the March from Selma to Montgomery, which became known as ____________ ____________, tis made President Johnson realize that the Civil rights legislation was necessary.

Bloody Sunday

The ________ _____ _____________ took place on August 28, 1963 and was one of the largest civil rights rallies in US history, and one of the most famous examples of non-violent mass direct action and was the big event that led to the ratification of the Civil Right Act of 1964. CORE, NAACP, and SCLC were involved

March on Washington 

_________ was premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group by hanging 

Lynching

Laws that were created before, during, and after Reconstruction to segregate races are known as  __ ____ __________

de jure segregation

The March on Washington was highly publicized in the news media, and helped to gather momentum for the passage of the Civil Rights Act in _______.

1964

The ___ ___ _____________ was nonviolent movement of the U.S. civil rights era that began in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960 and was act of civil disobedience that aroused sympathy for the demonstrators. They were started by the SNCC

Sit-in movement

The ___________  ___________ was the movement of six million African-Americans caused by economic inequalities out of the rural Southern United States to the  urban Northeast, Midwest,  and West that occurred  between 1916 and 1970

Great Migration

__ ______ segregation refers to racial segregation that is not supported by law and caused by a result of natural condition or gulf between financial classes

De facto

Following a _____________ 1956 ruling by the Supreme Court that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional, the bus boycott ended successfully. It had lasted 381 day

November

In______________________________ (1954) a unanimous Supreme Court declared that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 

__________  ___________ ______ ___, a Baptist minister who endorsed nonviolent civil disobedience, emerged as the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Martin Luther King Jr.

The restriction of voting is known as ___________

disenfranchisement

The ______ ____ _____ was caused by SCLC to protest to have the right to vote, which led to the ratification of the Voting Rights Act

March from Selma

The March on Washington had  _______,_______ protesters and is considered the largest rally in US History

250,000

The __________ ____ _______ ________ was formed in 1942 as an interracial organization committed to achieving integration through nonviolent direct action and civil disobedience

Congress for Racial Equality

What are two examples of disenfranchisement

Poll Tax, Literacy Test

The __________ _________ __________ __________ was organized by MLK, which organized sit -in, marches and boycotts

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

The ___________ ___________ ___________ of 1965-1967, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel, and Al Raby, was created to challenge systematic racial segregation and discrimination in Chicago and its suburbs. The movement which included rallies, protest marches, boycotts, and other forms of non-violent direct action

Chicago Freedom Movement

The _____ Amendment gave "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

15th Amendment

The 24th amendment banned _____ _____

poll taxes

Thurgood Marshall became the first African American  ________________________

Supreme Court Justice

The _____ Amendment was ratified in 1868 to provide a broad definition of US citizenship that prohibits states from depriving citizens of life, liberty or property without a legal process and requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people.

14th Amendment

_____________  _____________, also known as the Freedom Summer Project or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 by the SNCC to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.

Freedom Summer

The expression "___________ _____ _______" refers to the legally or socially enforced physical separation from African Americans and other races of color 

separate but equal

In _____________, the Court ordered that schools undertake desegregation in all school, disproving "separate but equal".

Brown II

The _____________ _____________ was established in 1865 help former slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War by providing food, housing, medical aid, schools, legal assistance, and settle former slaves on land 

Freedmen's Bureau

The _________ _________ _________(ERA) was a proposed on March 1972 that was proposed by the NOW in 1923, but unratified amendment to the U.S. Constitution that was designed mainly to invalidate many state and federal laws that discriminate against women

Equal Rights Amendment

Starting after WWII had ended, ____________ ____________ ____________ focused on issues of equality and discrimination

Second Wave Feminism

_______ ___ stated that "no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance "

Title IX

Betty Friedan's, __________ __________, gave voice to millions of American women's frustrations with their limited gender roles and helped spark widespread public activism for gender equality

Feminine Mystique

The ______________ ______ ____________, assembly held on July 19-20, 1848 that launched the women suffrage movement in the United States during First Wave Feminism. It was lead by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

Seneca Falls Convention

______________ ___ ______________ outlined the rights that American women should be entitled to as it argued for equal rights for women and men and was framework for the women's suffrage movement. It discusses the lack of women suffrage, participation, and representation in the government, etc.

Declaration of Sentiments

Emerged from an abolitionist movement to end slavery ________ ________ ________ took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and focused on opening opportunities for women, with a focus of suffrage

First Wave Feminism

The _____ Amendment(1920) gave the right to vote to women

19th Amendent

____________ v. ____________ was a legal case on June 7, 1965 that ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects the liberty of married couples to buy and use contraceptive without government restrictions

Griswold v. Connecticut

____________ ____________ ___ ____________ was an American activist organization founded in 1966 that promotes equal rights for women and is the largest feminist group in the United States

National Organization for Women

The _______ _________ demonstration started because of the inequality for equal opportunities for Chinese workers

Confucius Plaza

The ________ ___________ ___________ ___________ in Berkley became the first organization to use "Asian American" and stopped the use of the word "oriental".

Asian American Political Alliance

The formation of the ____ ____ ____ ____ in San Francisco and Berkeley were unprecedented coalition of Black, Chicano, Asian, and Native American students who demanded relevant ethnic communities studies proposed innovative curriculum programs, minority admissions and staffing reforms

Third World Liberation Front

__________ ____ was the first openly gay man elected to political office in California, who ran for San Francisco city supervisor in 1978 and used the rainbow flag as the pride flag

Harvey Milk

The outbreak of ____ in the United States dominated the struggle for gay rights in the 1980s and early 1990s as it was reported five healthy gay men contracted it

AIDS

In June  1969, the ______________ ____ were demonstrations between police and gay rights activist outside the Stonewall Inn, which the fight for LGBT rights in the United States

Stonewall Riots

The Mattachine Foundation formed the ___________ ___________, which published the US second gay publication, the Mattachine Review.

Mattachine Society

________ ________, a German immigrant, found the Society for human rights and created the newsletter "Friendship and Freedom", the country's first gay-interest newsletter.

Henry Gerber

Christopher Street Liberation was the first gay pride parade that took place in ____, a year after Stonewall uprising

1970

Dale Jennings formed the _____ Inc., which welcomed women and published ONE, the country's first pro-gay magazine

One

In 1993, President Clinton Passed the "________ ____, _________ ____" policy which allowed gay men and women to serve in the military as long as they kept it a secret, but was repealed in 2011 by President Obama

Don't Ask, Don't Tell

Congress passed the __________ ____ ___________ ____ which prevented the government from granting federal marriage benefits to same-sex couples 

Defense of Marriage Act

In 1966, members of the Mattachine Society in New York City staged a ____ ____ where they go to taverns and declare they are gay

sip in

Four lesbian couples in San Francisco founded an organization called the Daughters of Bilitis, which soon began publishing a newsletter called _____ ___________, first lesbian publication of any kind

the Ladder

In 1950, Harry Hay founded the ___________ ___________, one of the nations first gay rights group and coined the term "homophile"

Mattachine Foundation

In 1952, the_____________ ___________ ___________ listed homosexuality as a form of mental disorder in 1952

American Psychiatric Association

Shortly after the Stonewall Riots, members of the Mattachine society  formed the ____ _________ ____, a radical group that launched public demonstrations, protest and confrontations with political officials

Gay Liberation Front