Section 1
Preview this deck
Industrial Revolution
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (98)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Industrial Revolution
The term applied to the rapid economic and social changes in agriculture and manufacturing that followed the introduction of the factory system to the textile industry of England in the last quarter of the 18th century.
Infrastructure
The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development; included are transport and communications, along with water, power, and other public utilities.
Friction of Distance
A measure of the retarding or restricting effect of distance on spatial interaction.
Secondary Activities
Those parts of the economy involved in the processing of raw materials derived from primary activities in altering or combing materials to produce commodities of enhanced utility and value.
Quaternary Activities
Those parts of the economy concerned with research, with the gathering and dissemination of information, and with administration of the other economic activity levels.
Gross Domestic Product
The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specified time period, usually a calendar year.
Quinary Activities
A sometimes separately recognized subsection of tertiary activity management functions involving highest level decision making in all types of large organizations.
Dependency Theory
a model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones
Deindustrialization
Process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment.
Core-Periphery Model
A model of the spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating developed core region.
Cultural Convergence
The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly share technology and organizational structures in a modern world united by improved transportation and communication.
Assembly Line Production
Arrangement of workers, machines, and equipment in which the product being assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed.
Outsourcing
Producing abroad parts or products for domestic use or sale.
Substitution Principle
In industry, the tendency to substitute one fact or production for another in order to achieve optimum plant location.
Spatially Fixed Costs
An input cost in manufacturing that remains constant wherever production is located.
Agglomeration
The spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit.
Least cost Theory
The view that the optimum location of a manufacturing establishment is at the place where the costs of transport and labor and advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration are most favorable.
Neocolonialism
A disparaging reference to economic and political policies by which major developed countries are seen to retain or extend influence over the economies of less developed countries and peoples.
International Division of Labor
Phenomenon regarding the idea corporations and others can draw from labor markets around the world ; made possible through improvements in communication and transportation systems
Market Orientation
The tendency of an economic activity to locate close to its market; a reflection of large and variable distribution.
Bulk Gaining Industry
An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.
Gross National Product (Gross National Income)
the total value of goods and services produced by a country per year plus net income earned abroad by its nations; formerly called "gross national product."
Offshoring
The relocation of business processes and services to a lower-cost foreign location.
Technology Gap
The contrast between the technology available in developed core regions and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment.
Levels of Development
Levels of the quality of life in a given country. MDC, LDC, NIC. (More developed country, less developed country, newly industrialized country.)
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
A monetary measurement which takes account of what money actually buys in each country.
Fixed Costs
An activity cost (as of investment in land, plant, and equipment) that must be met without regard to level of output; an input cost that is spatially constant.
Market Equilibrium
The point of intersection of demand and supply curves of a given commodity; at equilibrium the market is cleared of the commodity.
Spatially Variable Costs
An input cost in manufacturing that changes significantly from place to place in its amount and its relative share of total costs.
Globalization
A reference to the increasing interconnection of all parts o the world as the full range of social, cultural, political, and economic processes becomes international in scale and effect.
Spatial Margin of Profitability
The set of points delimiting the area within which a firm's profitable operation is possible.
Comparative Advantage
The principle that an area produces the items for which it has the greatest ratio of advantage or the least ratio of disadvantage in comparison to other areas, assuming free trade exists.
Maquiladora
Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.
Informal Economy
That part of a national economy that involves productive labor not subject to formal systems of control or payment; essentially money that is not regulated or taxed by the government.
Ecotourism
A form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way.
Freight Rates
The charge levied by a transporter for the loading, moving, and unloading of goods; includes line-haul costs and terminal costs.
Bulk Reducing Industry
An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.
Terminal Costs
Synonym of fixed costs of transportation. The costs incurred, and charged, for loading and unloading freight at origin and destination points and for the paperwork involved.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
Energy Consumption
Energy used by a country as an indicator of development - MDCs tend to consume much more energy per capita then LDCs do.
Measures of Development
Life expectancy at birth, adjusted GDP per capita, and knowledge (School, literacy) etc. Rates that dictate the developmental status of a country.
Cottage Industry
Industry in which the production of goods and services is based in homes (not factories); specialty goods (assembled individually or in small quantities) are often produced in this manner.
Footloose Firm
A firm with manufacturing activities for which the cost of transporting activities or product is not important in determining location of production; an industry or firm showing neither market nor material orientation.
Agglomeration (External) Economies
The savings to an individual enterprise derived from locational association with a cluster of other similar economic activities, such as other factories or retail stores.
Gender
In the cultural sense, a reference to socially created, not biologically based, distinctions between femininity and masculinity.
Satisficing Location
A less-than-ideal best location, but one providing an acceptable level of utility or satisfaction.
Development
The process of growth, expansion, or realization of potential; bringing regional resources into full productive use.
Just in Time Production
Seeks to reduce inventories for the production process by purchasing inputs for arrival just in time to use and producing output just in time to sell.
Agricultural Labor Force
A measure of the participating portion of an economy's labor force.
Break of bulk point
A location where goods are transferred from one type of carrier to another. (e.g. Barge to Railroad)
Section 2
(48 cards)