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Biomass Energy

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (48)

Section 1

(48 cards)

Biomass Energy

Front

Living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel.

Back

Advantages of Renewable Sources of Energy

Front

- Can be used more than once - Infinite - Cause no pollution

Back

Is all of the available solar energy used?

Front

No, only a small fraction of the available solar energy is used because most of it is radiated into the space around the Earth.

Back

What are the Non-Renewable Sources of Energy?

Front

- Fossil Fuel - Coal - Nuclear Fuel

Back

Disadvantages of Coal

Front

- Requires expensive air pollution controls (e.g. Mercury, sulfur dioxide) - Significant contributor to acid rain and global warming - Require extensive transportation system

Back

Advantages of Geothermal Energy

Front

- No wastage or generation of by-products - Maintenance cost is very low - Can be used directly - Does not occupy too much space (protecting natural environment) - Not dependent on weather conditions

Back

What is Coal composed of?

Front

Primarily composed of carbon along with other elements (e.g. *sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen)

Back

Uses of Geothermal Energy

Front

To generate electricity and for direct uses such as wintertime heating.

Back

Disadvantages of Wind Energy

Front

- Limited to windy areas - Limited to small generator size; need many towers - Highly climate dependent - May affect endangered birds

Back

Advantages of Hydro-electric Energy

Front

- Inexpensive once dam is built - Produce no waste

Back

Advantages of Wind Energy

Front

- Free (if available) - Good source for water pumping demands of farms - Generation and maintenance costs have decreased

Back

Advantages of Nuclear Fuel

Front

- Easy to recover (energy generation is the most concentrated source) - Inexpensive - Waste is more compact than any source - Easy to transport - No greenhouse or acid rain effects

Back

Sources of Biomass energy

Front

- Refers to plant matter grown to generate electricity - Include corn or produce (e.g. dead trees and branches, yard clippings and wood chips). It also includes energy from landfill gases or alcohol fuels

Back

Solar energy

Front

Consists of light and heat rays that come from the Sun.

Back

Mention the Renewable Sources of Energy

Front

- Solar, - Wind, - Tidal, - Hydroelectric, - Geothermal, - Biomass/fuels - Wave

Back

What is the largest source of electricity and carbon dioxide emissions?

Front

Coal

Back

Advantages of Non-Renewable Sources of Energy?

Front

- Concentrated sources of energy

Back

Advantages of Coal

Front

- Inexpensive - Easy to recover

Back

Wind power

Front

The conversion of wind energy into a useful form.

Back

Tidal power (or Tidal Energy)

Front

A form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into electricity or other useful forms of power.

Back

Disadvantages of Tidal Energy

Front

- Cost of construction of power plant is very high - Intensity of sea waves is unpredictable - Influences aquatic life and can disrupt migration of fish - Generation is for a short period of time - Very few ideal locations for construction of plant

Back

Example of Wind Power

Front

Using wind turbines to create electricity

Back

Disadvantages of Hydro-electric Energy

Front

- Very limited source - depends on water elevation - Dam collapse usually leads to loss of life - Environmental damage for areas flooded and downstream

Back

What is the Nuclear Fuel Cycle made up of?

Front

It is made up of actions of: - Mining - Refining - Purifying - Using - Disposing

Back

What are the most common fossil nuclear fuels?

Front

235U (Uranium) and 239Pu (Plutonium)

Back

Advantages of Gas/Oil

Front

- Good distribution system for current use levels - Easy to obtain - Better as space heating energy source

Back

Renewable Sources of Energy

Front

- Energy sources generated from natural resources - Can be used more than once - We have unlimited reserves of these resources

Back

Disadvantages of Solar Energy

Front

- Limited to sunny areas - Demand can be highest when least available (e.g. winter solar heating) - Requires special materials that can affect environment - Requires large amounts of land for small amounts of energy generation.

Back

Biofuel

Front

Solid, liquid or gaseous fuel obtained from relatively recently lifeless biological or waste material

Back

Advantages of Tidal Energy

Front

- Environmentally friendly - Feasible to generate energy on a large scale (since 71% of Earth is covered by water) - Can predict the rise and fall of tides - Efficiency of tidal power is greater than coal, solar or wind energy - Maintenance costs are relatively low - Energy density is relatively high than other renewable energy sources

Back

Disadvantages of Non-Renewable Sources of Energy?

Front

- Irreplaceable - took millions of years to be formed - Finite - running out - Pollution (Carbon Dioxide + Sulfur Dioxide)

Back

Advantages of Solar Energy

Front

- Free (when available) - Costs are dropping

Back

Non-Renewable Sources of Energy

Front

These refer to energy sources that can be used only once.

Back

Nuclear Fuel

Front

Any type of nuclear elements that can be made to undergo nuclear fission chain reactions in a nuclear fission reactor.

Back

Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy

Front

- Few sites have potential of Geothermal Energy - Sites where geothermal energy is produced are far from markets or cities - Installation cost of steam power plant is very high - Danger of eruption of volcano and may release harmful, poisonous gases (these can escape through the holes drilled during construction)

Back

Disadvantages of Gas/Oil

Front

- Very expensive for energy generation - Could be major contributor to global warming - *Limited availability

Back

How is coal extracted?

Front

Coal is extracted from the ground by mining, either underground or in open pits.

Back

Where is Crude Oil found?

Front

Underground areas called reservoirs

Back

Advantages of Wave Energy

Front

- Easily predictable (wave energy is consistent) - No damage to land - Clean form of energy

Back

Wave power

Front

The transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work.

Back

Advantages of Biomass/Biofuel

Front

- Low cost fuel - Energy from recycled waste - Reduce landfills - Can be used to create different products (e.g. Ethanol can be made from corn and other crops)

Back

Disadvantages of Renewable Sources of Energy

Front

- Inefficient sources of energy - Not reliable

Back

How is solar energy generated?

Front

Solar power technologies provide electrical generation by means of heat engines or photovoltaic cells

Back

Geothermal energy

Front

Power extracted from heat stored in the earth

Back

Disadvantages of Wave Energy

Front

- Source of disturbance for private and commercial vessels (can affect cruise ships, cargo ships, beach goers) - Adversely affects marine Ecosystem - machines gathering waves disturb the seafloor, the toxic chemicals used can pollute the water

Back

Hydroelectrical energy

Front

Electricity generated by hydropower. i.e. the production of power through use of gravitational force of falling or flowing water

Back

What does Fossil Fuel include?

Front

Oil and Natural Gas

Back

Disadvantages of Biomass/Biofuel

Front

- Inefficient if small plants are used - Could contribute to global warming (fuel has low heat content) - Causes foul, bad smell - Requires large amount of distant land where they can be easily burnt (it may also attract unwanted pests)

Back