Section 1
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Locke's Ideas
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Last updated
7 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (74)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Locke's Ideas
Continuous: Adult like behaviors are gradually build up through warm, consistent teachings of parents. Nurture: The power of the environment to shape the child
Middle childhood
6-11 years
Contexts
unique combinations of personal and environmental circumstances that can result in different paths of change
operant conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Self efficacy
The belief that their own abilities and characteristics will help them succeed.
Continuous
a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with
pyschosexual theory
Sigmund Freud- Emphasizes that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years in crucial for health personality development.
Maturation Process
a genetically determined series of events that unfold automatically
ego
The conscious, rational part of personality, emerges in the early infancy to redirect the id's impulses - The mediator
Cognitive Developmental theory
Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world
Stages
qualitative changes in thinking, feeling, and behaving that characterize specific periods of development
Psychosocial
Erickson, Emphasizes that in addition to mediating between id impulses and superego demands, the ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes and skills that make the individual an active, contributing member of society.
Maturation
genetically determined, naturally unfolding course of growth
discontinuous
a process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times
Tabula Rasa
Blank Slate
child development
an area of study devoted to understanding constancy and change from conception through adolescence
Pyschoanalytic Perspective
Children move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the person's ability to get along with others and to cope with anxiety.
John Locke
tabula rasa
Ethology
Concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history
Plasticity
open to change in response to influential experiences
Classical Conditioning Stages
Neutral Stimulus --> Stimulus --> Response -->
Social Congnitive
How children think about themselves and other people
Behavior Modification
consists of procedures that combine conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses
nature
Inborn biological givens--the hereditary information we receive from our parents at the moment of conception.
infancy and toddlerhood
birth to 2 years
Social Learning Theory
Imitation or observational learning as a powerful source of development
Nurture
the complex forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth
Oral SF
birth- 1 year, towards breast / bottle, oral fixation
Genital SF
Adolescence, maturity
Classical Conditioning
a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
Normative Approach
Measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of individuals and age related averages are computed to represent typical development
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Noble Savages, discontinous
Prenatal Period
Conception to birth
Anal SF
1-3 years, toilet training, releases urin and feces
Developmental science
A field which includes all changes we experience throughout the lifespan.
Behaviorism
directly observable events- stimuli and responses- are the appropriate focus of study
Adolescence
11-18 years, the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence
id
The largest part of the brain, is the source of basic biological needs and desires- unconscious, biological needs, the natural man -Hunger, sex, sleep = want right away - Devil
early childhood
2-6 years
James Mark Baldwin
He believed that children's understanding of their physical and social worlds develops through a sequence of stages.
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Development Theory- Children's learning does not depend on reinforcers, such as rewards from adults
emerging adulthood
18-25 years
interdisciplinary
involving two or more areas of knowledge
phallic stage SF
3-6 years, Genital stimulation, opposite sex parent interest, super ego develops
superego
Conscience, develops through interactions with parents who insist that children conform to the values of society, develops age 3-6 - Conscience, Jimmy Cricket, Angel
Noble Savages
naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong and with an innate plan for orderly, healthy growth
Stability
Children who are high or low in a characteristic will remain so at later ages.
Information Processing
The human mind might also be viewed as a symbol of manipulating system through which information flows
Latency SF
6-11 years, New social values, plays with oppotiste sex
Developmental cognitive neuroscience
brings together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing child's cognitive processing and behavior patterns
Section 2
(24 cards)