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Structure of DNA

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

Structure of DNA

Front

sugar phosphate backbone w/ a strong covalent bond. Nitrogen bases held together w/ hydrogen bonds (weak)

Back

Mutations

Front

A genetic change caused by a change in a nitrogen bases that alter the protein

Back

Frame shift

Front

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read

Back

How does DNA Seperate

Front

DNA helicase enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds opening the strands

Back

substitution, deletion, insertion

Front

Substitution: a base gets replaced by another base Deletion: 1 base is deleted Insertion: 1 base is added

Back

DNA alignment

Front

antiparallel

Back

Chromosomes

Front

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Back

Meiosis

Front

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes

Back

How are nucleotides added

Front

rna primase binds to the helicase, DNA polymerases brings the nucleotides to the strand of DNA, Leading strand 5'-3' (continuously made), Lagging strand 3'-5' (made in segments)

Back

protien synthesis

Front

DNA is transcripted into mRNA then that is brought to the ribosome where it is translated into proteins (read through codon chains)

Back

DNA

Front

deoxyribonucleic acid

Back

homologous chromosomes

Front

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

Back

chromosomal mutation

Front

a change in location of a gene on a chromosome due to environmental factors

Back

Mutation leads to..

Front

harmful disability and diseases, helpful, or stay the same

Back

Prokaryotic cell division

Front

prokaryotes divide by binary fission, splitting into 2 nearly equal halves; prokaryotic DNA (circular, double stranded) attache to inside of cell membrane; replication begins at the replication origin; one copy of each circular DNA ends up in each daughter cell

Back

DNA replication

Front

the process of making a copy of DNA happens during S-phase

Back

point mutation

Front

gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed

Back

How is dna built

Front

monomer, nucleotide, phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen bases

Back

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Front

Interphase (g1, s phase, g2 phase) and then Mitotic phase (mitosis, cytokinesis)

Back

dna does...

Front

provides instructions to make protein & carries genetic info

Back

RNA

Front

ribonucleic acid

Back

DNA structure

Front

double helix

Back

Chargaff's Rule

Front

A=T and C=G overall equaling 100%

Back

3 types of RNA

Front

mRNA:messenger of DNA in codons, tRNA: transfers amino acids to the ribosome codes for anticodon, rRNA:makes up ribosome

Back

Cytokinesis

Front

division of the cytoplasm

Back

IPMAT

Front

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Back

The 4 nitrogen bases in DNA are:

Front

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Back

DNA was discovered by who

Front

1950's Rosalind Franklin x-rayed the shape. Later based on her discoveries Watson and Crick described it as a double helix and made a model.

Back

Termination

Front

the codon that tells it to stop coding

Back

Mitosis (IPMAT the PMAT2)

Front

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

Back

Promoter

Front

specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

Back