Section 1
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Green revolution
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (83)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Green revolution
the recent introduction of high-yield hybrid crops and chemical fertilizers and pesticides into traditional Asian agricultural systems, most notably paddy rice farming
Shifting cultivation
cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. the clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forest land
Cultivation regions
the regions in which large amounts of agriculture take place
Debt-for-nature swap
In a debt for nature swap, creditors agree to forgive debts in return for the promise of environmental protection; attempt to solve two problems with one agreement: 1) minimize the negative effect debt has on developing nations 2) minimize the environmental destruction that developing nations frequently cause
Agriculture
the cultivation of domesticated crops and the raising of domesticated animals
Commercial agriculture
term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology
Biotechnology
means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use
Dairying
raising female cattle, goats, or certain other lactating livestock for long-term production of milk
Secondary activity
the processing of raw materials into finished products; manufacturing
Agricultural industrialization
use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors
Environmental modification
changes made to the environment
Intensive
expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity
Feedlot
factory like farm devoted to either livestock fattening or dairying; all feed is imported and no crops are grown on the farm
Forestry
the art, science, and practice of studying and managing forests and plantations
Milpa
crop-growing system in the Yucatán peninsula area of Mexico; produces maize, beans, lima beans and squash; the cycle calls for 2 years of cultivation and eight years of letting the area lie fallow
Aquaculture
the cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for food
Agricultural location model
deals with both the location - allocation process of land uses by farmers, and the spatial organization of agricultural land uses
Diffusion
the spread of an idea from one area to another
Agribusiness
highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership
Desertification
the process of land becoming similar to that of a desert
Slash-and-burn
the process of cutting down all vegetation and burning it to grow crops. Usually used in tropical areas in shifting cultivation
Extractive industry
industries involved in the activities of: prospecting and exploring for a nonrenewable resource, getting them, further exploring them, developing them, or extracting them from the earth
Primary activity
the extraction of natural resources, such as agriculture, lumbering, and mining
First agricultural revolution
Dating back 10,000 years, it achieved plant domestication and animal domestication
Pestecides
toxic substances released to kill living things
Extensive
use of little labor and capital to increase agricultural productivity
Nomadic
continual movement
Collective farm
regards a system of agricultural organization whereas farm laborers are not compensated via wages. Rather, the workers receive a share of the farm's net productivity
Extensive subsistence agriculture
the use of a lot of labor usually on a small plot of land
Agricultural landscape
the cultural landscape of agricultural areas
Agricultural origins
originated in the hearths of humanity
Quarternary Activity
collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital
Tertiary activity
transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs
Growing season
the period of each year when crops can be grown
Farming
the process of growing crops and raising livestock
Adaptive strategies
the unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical environment; those aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life--- food, clothing, shelter, and defense.
Soil erosion
the wearing away of a fields topsoil by water or the environment
Globalized agriculture
consumer driven agriculture integrated on an international scale
Agrarian
characteristic of farmers or their way of life
Farm crisis
mass production of farm products that lowers the prices, which lowers the profits for farmers
Quinary Activity
high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill
Animal domestication
animals kept for some utilitarian purpose whose breeding is controlled by humans and whose survival is dependent on humans; differ genetically and behaviorally from wild animals
Food chain
the feeding relationships between species in a biotic community
Bio-revolution
the rapid transformation, or evolution, into post-humanism
Double cropping
a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested
Herding/pastoralism
continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals
Crop rotation
the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil
Core/Periphery
As one region or state expands in economic prosperity, it must engulf regions nearby to ensure ongoing economic and political success
Swidden
patch of land cleared for planting thorough slashing and burning
Fishing
the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering
Section 2
(33 cards)