Section 1
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Health Education
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (80)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Health Education
Provide the opportunity to gain in-depth knowledge about a particular health topic 1. Curriculum, scope and sequence 2. Often included with health communication
Intrapersonal communication channel
Healthcare, health coaches, hotlines
Why are mission statements, goals and objectives important?
they provide a: - foundation for program planning - direction for the program - evaluative mechanism for the program
Social Cognitive Theory
Interpersonal 1. Posits behavior is dynamic 2. Behavior is influenced by factors both internal and external to the individual 3. Self-efficacy 4. Reciprocal determinism Triangle involves: behavior, personal factors and environment
Process Objective Examples
"By October 1, two different nutritional brochures (one on fruits/one on vegetables) will be distributed to all 11th graders." "Prior to the start of the school year, planners will meet with cafeteria employees to distribute healthy meal recipes for the lunch menu redesign."
Mission Statement
short narrative describing the general focus of the program i.e. program overview/aim should be broad and general -- helps develop goals and objectives
Health Policy/Enforcement
Regulate individual, organization, institutional and community behavior 1. Executive orders, laws, ordinances, policies, regulations and formal/informal rules 2. Based on common good to protect the public's health 3. Can be controversial
Dose
Number of program units delivered; how many times offered
Health Belief Model
Intrapersonal Fear-based theory Global constructs: 1. Perceived threat 2. Barriers minus benefits Individual constructs: 1. Perceived susceptibility 2. Perceived severity 3. Barriers 4. Benefits 5. Cues to action 6. Self-efficacy
Model
a composite, a mixture of ideas or concepts taken from any number of theories and used together
Community
Collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics such as geography, interests, experiences, concerns or values
Program objectives
intermediate markers of progress i.e. bridge between needs assessment and intervention strategies more precise than goals -- measurable and specific
Why is theory important?
Because it answers the why, what, how. It provides a framework for: - generating testable hypothesis - integrating empirical evidence - designing and implementing intervention strategies/programs
Transtheoretical Model
Intrapersonal Stage theory -- "Stages of change" Stages: 1. Precontemplation: Denial 2. Contemplation: 0-6 months 3. Preparation: 0-1 month 4. Action: 3-6 months 5. Maintenance: 6+ months
Environmental Change
Provide opportunities, support, and cues to help people develop healthier behaviors 1. Work to remove barriers to change in the environment which in turn makes it easier to engage in healthier behavior 2. Changes "around" individuals; not limited to a physical environment 3. Other environments include: a. Economic (Healthcare costs) b. Service (Healthcare access) c. Social (Peer support) d. Cultural (Traditions) e. Psychological (Emotional learning) f. Political (Health policies)
Concepts
building blocks of theory
Organizational communication channel
Church bulletins, agency newsletters
Learning Objectives
Educational/learning tools necessary for behavior change Awareness, knowledge, attitudes and skills
Difference between program goals and program objectives?
Goals: - provide overall direction - are more general - have no deadline - take longer to complete - are not measured in exact terms Objectives: - more precise than goals - measurable and specific
Health communication
Inform and influence individual and community decisions that affect health 1. Incorporated in most interventions, used to reach program goals/objectives, high penetration (exposure) rate and cost effective
Outcome Objectives
Ultimate objective -- future oriented Health status, social benefits, risk factors and quality of life
Learning Objective Examples
"When asked in a follow-up phone interview, 35% of 11th graders will be able to identify the daily recommended intake for fruits and vegetables." "When asked during lunch on October 25th, 90% of 11th graders will be able to identify the healthier food choices in the school cafeteria."
Intervention
Activity or set of activities that achieve outcomes stated in goals and objectives 1. Theory-based 2. Occurs between two measurement points 3. Strive for effectiveness
Environmental Objective Examples
"By the end of the first program year, all meals served at the school will have <35% fat and include at least 2 servings of fruits and vegetables." "By November 1, the cafeteria will have a salad bar stocked with fresh vegetables and low-fat dressings."
Behavioral Objectives
Addresses behaviors directly associated with the health outcome Adherence, compliance, consumption patterns, and utilizations "Taking what they learned and putting it to use."
Interpersonal communication channel
Small classes and support groups
Environmental Objectives
Non-behavioral causes of health issue Social, physical or psychological environments
Types of Intervention changes (6)
1. Health communication 2. Health education 3. Health policy/enforcement 4. Environmental change 5. Health-related community service 6. Community mobilization
Program Goals
general statements of intent i.e. global statement simple and concise -- the who and what
Why do we create objectives?
Objectives help us determine how we are specifically going to intervene within a specified population
Behavioral Objective Examples
"One year after the distribution of the brochures, 50% of 12th graders will be eating a minimum of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily." "During the one year, follow-up phone interview, 40% of the 12th graders will report eating fruit as part of their breakfast."
Health - Related Community Service
Reduce barriers and help link priority population to healthcare providers Examples: 1. Health Related Assessments/HHAs 2. Screenings -- BP, Cholesterol, Glucose, etc. 3. Services, tests, treatments that improve health -- shots/vaccinations
Multiplicity
Number of components or activities
Social Ecological Model
Community theory - Explores how social systems function and change and how to mobilize community members and organizations Levels: 1. Individual 2. Interpersonal 3. Organizational 4. Community 5. Policy
Outcome Objective Examples
"By the end of their senior year, 20% of the 11th graders who participated in the program will have reduced their BMI by 5%." "During the first year following program implementation, the school will have a 10% reduction in school absences due to illness."
Construct
a concept developed, created or adopted for use with a specific theory
Communication channel
Route through which a message is disseminated to priority population Major channels -- 1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal 3. Organizational 4. Mass Media 5. Social Media
Variables
operational (practical use) form of a construct
Process Objectives
Daily tasks, activities and work plans Implementation activities -- i.e. exposure, participation, etc. Program resources
Planning Models
Theories/models used for planning, implementing and evaluating health promotion programs
Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior
Intrapersonal Value-expectancy theory Global constructs: 1. Attitude toward the act 2. Subjective norms 3. Perceived behavioral control Individual constructs: 1. Behavioral beliefs 2. Evaluation of consequences 3. Normative beliefs 4. Motivation to comply 5. Control beliefs 6. Perceived power
Strategy
General plan of action for affecting a health problem
Sequence
Order in which the material is presented
Community Mobilization
Help communities identify and take action on shared concerns using participatory decision making Empowerment via: 1. Community organization and building 2. Community advocacy
Behavior Change Model
Help explain how change takes place and focuses on relationships among casual processes operating both within and across levels of analysis
Scope
Breadth and depth of material covered
Curriculum
What will be taught
Social Media
Revise/update information immediately, low cost and low maintenance, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Texting
Mass Media
Newspaper, billboards, PSAs
Theory
a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situations
Section 2
(30 cards)