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OS Chapter 1: Introduction

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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What is caching? How does it work?

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iOS Dev

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (25)

Section 1

(25 cards)

What is caching? How does it work?

Front

Information being copied from slower to faster storage temporarily. How it works: Cache is checked first to see if it's there, if it is, use it; if it isn't, go get it.

Back

What is the technical definition of an operating system (2 parts)?

Front

An operating system is 1) a resource allocator (manages resources) and 2) a control program (controls execution of programs to prevent errors)

Back

What is the kernel?

Front

The one program running at all times

Back

What does a device controller do?

Front

Device controllers transfer blocks of data from buffer directly to the CPU without intervention.

Back

What is timesharing (multitasking)?

Front

Used for interacting with multiple programs simultaneously by switching jobs using virtual memory and CPU scheduling.

Back

What are the two types of interrupts?

Front

Hardware interrupts and software interrupts

Back

What are the 4 categories of storage?

Front

Main memory (random access, volatile), secondary memory (large nonvolatile storage), hard disks, solid state-disks (non-volatile, SSDs)

Back

What is a system program?

Front

A system program is a program that ships with the operating system

Back

What are software interrupts?

Front

Could be software generated errors such as seg. faults, divide by zero, or system calls, user defined exceptions

Back

What is dual-mode and why is it important?

Front

Dual-mode is when the OS is divided into 2 modes - user-mode and kernel-mode. It is important because it protects the operating system by making some instructions privileged.

Back

What is an interrupt vector?

Front

It is a table that contains addresses of all the service routines

Back

Are operating systems interrupt-driven?

Front

Yes!

Back

What are the 4 components of a computer system?

Front

Hardware, an operating system, application programs, and users

Back

In general, how are interrupts handled?

Front

Ignored or handled with a routine

Back

What does a device driver do?

Front

Device drivers manages I/O for each device controller.

Back

What is multiprogramming?

Front

Multiprogramming organizes jobs so that the CPU always has something to do (needed for efficiency) using job scheduling.

Back

What are hardware interrupts?

Front

Transfers between reading/writing, or signals from device controllers

Back

What is a TRAP/exception?

Front

It is a software driven interrupt

Back

What is the "DLM"?

Front

DLM stands for distributed lock manager which avoids conflicting operations by providing applications with a means to synchronize shared resources.

Back

What is a bootstrap program and what is its other name?

Front

A bootstrap program is loaded @ startup, stored in ROM, and is known as firmware. It initializes system and loads the operating system kernel/execution.

Back

What is the hierarchy of storage?

Front

1) Registers 2) Cache 3) Main memory 4) SSDs 5) Hard disks 6) Optical disks 7) Magnetic disks

Back

What are the goals of an operating system?

Front

Execute user programs, make a computer easier to use, and use hardware efficiently

Back

What is the difference between multiprogramming and multitasking?

Front

Multitasking is when the CPU switches processes often to give all processes a fair amount of time to run. Multiprogramming is when the CPU is always busy running a process for max efficiency.

Back

What is an operating system?

Front

An operating system is a program that acts as an intermediary between a user and the hardware

Back

What does an interrupt do?

Front

Device controllers inform CPUs of ready data using an interrupt - it transfers control to the interrupt service routing through an interrupt vector

Back