Go on. Explore!

lvl 0 • 0 xp

lvl 1

Home Market Decks Interests

PHP303: Quiz 1

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

(0)

47 cards

()

Section 1

Preview this deck

H, N

Front

1 / 47

PHP

0.0

0 reviews

5			0
4			0
3			0
2			0
1			0

Active users

All-time users

Favorites

Last updated

7 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (47)

Section 1

(47 cards)

H, N

Front

H(hemagglutinin, 1-9) ; surface antigens helps influenza virus attach to cells in body N(neuraminidase, 1-9) ; surface antigens help virus leave cell and spread to other cells

Back

Pneumococcal Disease serotypes 1. Disseminated Disease 2. LRT 3. URT

Front

>90 based upon polysaccharide capsules 1. Bacteremia, Meningitis, Arthritis, Peritonitis 2. Pneumonia 3. Sinusitis, Otitis media

Back

Influenza Pandemic History 1. Spanish Flu (1918-19) 2. Asian Flu (1957-58) 3. Hong Kong flu (1968-69) 4. Russian flu (1977-78) 5. H1N1 (2009-10)

Front

1. H1N1; 50 mil deaths, 675k in US 2. H2N2; 70k dead in US 3. H3N2; 34k in US 4. H1N1; not at pandemic level 5. 43-89 mil cases

Back

When to offer influenza vaccines?

Front

October until there is no more vaccine available or expired

Back

Timing for Influenza Vaccine Admin

Front

When should you offer influenza vaccines? Soon after vaccine becomes available - no later than October; Offer any time you encounter a pt eligible to receive vaccine; How long should you provide influenza vaccine? Continue vaccinating until your supply is gone, even after influenza activity begins

Back

Influenza Vaccination of Persons with Egg Allergy

Front

1. Persons with a history of egg allergy who have experienced only hives after exposure to egg should receive influenza vaccine. 2. Persons who have other reactions other than hives after egg exposure, may receive any licensed and recommended influenza vaccine. 3. A previous severe allergic reaction to influenza vaccine is a contraindication to future receipt of the vaccine.

Back

Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults 19-64 years Select Conditions and Risks

Front

Chronic Heart Disease (excluding hypertension), Chronic Lung Disease (including COPD, emphysema, asthma), Diabetes, Alcoholism, and Cigarette Smoking, Residents of long term or nursing home facilities LOOK AT DIAGRAM

Back

Abbreviations for Influenza 1. IIV3 2. IIV4 3. IIV3- HD 4. ccIIV4 5. RIV4 6. aIIV3 7. LAIV4

Front

1. trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine 2. quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine 3. high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine 4. cell culture-based Trivalent and Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine 5. Recombinant Trivalent and Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine, non-egg based 6. Adjuvanted Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine 7. Quadrivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine

Back

Influenza B

Front

typically milder and primarily affects children

Back

Additional considerations for PPSV23

Front

Recommend a total of 2 doses 5 years apart for patients younger than 65 years with: Immunosuppression, Asplenia (includes sickle cell disease) Recommend 1 dose of PPSV23 for patients younger than 65 years with: Cochlear implants, CSF leaks Recommend one dose of PPSV23 for patients 65 years and older who received 1 or 2 doses at least 5 years ago and when younger than 65 years

Back

Which PCV vaccine to give children 2 months - 59 months (5 yo)

Front

PCV13 - 4 dose series at 2, 4, 6, 12, 15 months children 7 months and older do not require a 4 dose series; 7-11 mths receive 2 doses at least 4 weeks apart followed by booster dose at 12-15 months 12-23 months 2 doses, 8 weeks apart 24-71 months w medical conditions receive 2 doses, 8 weeks apart

Back

Storage of pneumococcal vaccines

Front

should be stored in the refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) pneumococcal polysaccharide should be protected from light

Back

Influenza C

Front

rarely reported as cause of illness in humans and has not been associated with epidemics

Back

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13-valent (PCV13)

Front

Prevnar 13 (Pfizer) 12 serotypes same as PPSV23, 1 serotype not in PPSV23 (6A) Indicated for ages 6 weeks through 5 years Routine schedule: 2, 4, 6, 12 to 15 months ACIP recommended in all adults >19 years with: Cochlear implants, CSF leaks, Immunosuppression, Asplenia (includes sickle cell disease) ACIP shared clinical decision making for immunocompetent adults ≥65 years

Back

Influenza Dosing

Front

Children 6 months through 8 years receiving influenza vaccination for the first time need 2 doses, administered at least 4 weeks apart

Back

PCV7= 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Front

Prevnar-Wyeth; for children <7, reduced pneumococcal infection and decreased overall rate of pneumonia via herd immunity

Back

What is the interval between PCV13 and PPSV23 in immunocompromised >65?

Front

at least 1 year

Back

What is PCV13 conjugate linked to?

Front

polysaccharide linked to diptheria protein

Back

Injection of PCV13?

Front

0.5 mL intramuscularly

Back

Bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia

Front

infection of the bloodstream caused by S. pneumoniae, 1/3 patients who have pneumococcal pneumonia symptoms: can lead to septicemia and cause death

Back

Influenza Vaccine Target Groups

Front

>6 months - 8 months receive one dose except: first timers receive 2 doses 4 weeks apart

Back

Influenza Disease

Front

Cause: orthomyxovirus family, spread by aerosolized resp. droplets from cough/sneeze, direct contact w/ nasal secretions or saliva Onset: 2 days (1-4) after exposure; contagious 1 day before symptomatic and 5-7 days after onset Symptoms: high fever (101), cough (can be severe), fatigue, weakness, HA, myalgias, diff. presentation that common cold Complications: pneumonia, exacerbation of pulmonary and cardiac conditions

Back

What pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for high risk children?

Front

PPSV23, administer at least 8 weeks after last dose of PCV13 second dose given after 5 yrs to children w anatomic or functional asplenia or immunocompromising condition PPSV23 and PCV13 should never be given simultaneously

Back

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Front

most common bacterial pneumonia, 1/3 community-acquired pneumonia, can occur as a primary infection or secondary complication from influenza incubation: 1-3 days symptoms: fever, shaking, chills, cough, pleuritic chest pain, malaise, weakness, difficulty breathing

Back

What should high risk children 6-18 yrs receive?

Front

when already received a 3 dose series of PCV7, single dose of PCV13 regardless of whether they received PCV7 of PPSV23

Back

Which influenza vaccine is most effective for healthy people younger than 65?

Front

IIV3

Back

Patients who have never received PCV13 or PPSV23?

Front

should receive one dose of each 1 year apart

Back

What is the interval for PPSV23 doses?

Front

at least 5 years

Back

Which influenza vaccine has not been recommended by the CDC since 2015-16?

Front

LAIV

Back

Influenza A

Front

main source of epidemic and pandemic human disease, affects all ages, occur in birds, named according to type, subtype, geographic origin, strain, and year of isolation

Back

What influenza vaccine should immunosuppressed receive?

Front

IIV

Back

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine 23-valent PPSV23

Front

Pneumovax 23 (Merck) Recommend single dose for: All people 65 years and older, People 19-64 years old who smoke cigarettes, People 19-64 years old who have asthma, People at least 2 years old with chronic illness Contains 11 serotypes not found in PCV13 (23 total) More efficacious against bacteremia than pneumonia Not adequately effective in children younger than 2 years Dose and route: 0.5 mL IM (or SC)

Back

2019-20 Influenza Vaccine Composition

Front

A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus - change from 2018-2019 A/Kansas/14/2017 (H3N2)-like virus - change from 2018-2019 B/Colorado/06/2017-like virus (Victoria lineage) B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus (Yamagata lineage) -second B strain in quadrivalent vaccine

Back

Injection of PPSV23?

Front

0.5 mL intramuscularly or subcutaneously

Back

Which influenza vaccine does not have egg?

Front

Flublok (RIV3), Flucelvax (ccIV4)

Back

Antigenic shift

Front

major changes of one or both surface antigens due to genetic recombination, create new strain of virus (influenza A - between humans, pigs, birds), can cause a pandemic

Back

Pneumococcal Disease

Front

Caused by Streptococcus pneumonia Gram-positive coccobacillus with a polysaccharide cellular capsule Colonizes upper respiratory tract as part of normal flora --> Infection result of autoinoculation A leading cause of vaccine-preventable illness and death in U.S. Frequent cause of secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza Threat exists year-round, not just in winter Antibiotic resistance is common

Back

Vaccine Licensure

Front

1977: 14-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV14) 1983: 23-valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23) 2000: 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7) 2010: 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)

Back

2009-10 H1N1 influenza trends

Front

1. usually flu illness highest in children/infants/elderly/pregnant and from office/ER visits, however complications occurred more in adults 19-64 2. mean age was 37 years 3. decreased number hospitalizations of elderly from annual influenza epidemic

Back

Pneumococcal vaccines in adults

Front

all adults receive one dose of PCV13 and 1-3 of PPSV23 ; PPSV23 should be given at least 1 year after PCV13, except immunocompromising conditions, asplenia, CSF leak, cochlear implant --> interval should be at least 8 weeks

Back

Brief Description of Influenza Virus

Front

Types A and B cause human disease Yearly changes: responds to avoid human antibodies, shifts- major change in Type A antigen drifts- minor change in A or B antigens Type A lineages (human and animal) = 2 human type As in circulation; A (H1N1) and A (H3N2), responsible for pandemics Type B lineages = Yamagata and Victoria, both circulated in past few years

Back

Describe Flumist

Front

instrnasal (0.1 mL in 1 nostril, 0.1 mL in other) LAIV available as quadrivalent for persons 2-49 yo cold adapted = replicate infection in cooler upper airways (mucosa of nasopharynx), but not lower airways and lungs Effective in reducing illness, reduce otitis media Not effective during 2013-14, 2015-16 --> not recommended

Back

What serotypes does PCV13 target?

Front

1,3,4,5,6A,6B,7F,9V,14,18C,19A,19F,23F total of 13 serotypes

Back

Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults with Select Conditions

Front

Immunocompromised, functional or anatomic asplenia, CSF leaks, Cochlear implants

Back

Antigenic drift

Front

occurs continuously and results in minor changes in the antigenic structure of viruses, H and N numbers do not change, can cause an epidemic

Back

Pneumococcal meningitis

Front

inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord, 1/4 have pneumonia symptoms: headache, lethargy, irritability, seizures, vomiting, cranial nerve involvement, coma, neurologic sequelae

Back

1. Fluzone High-Dose 2. Fluad

Front

1. IIV3 to prompt stronger immune response in adults >65 2. IIV3 with adjuvant MF59 to strengthen immune response >65 Both intramuscular

Back