Section 1
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What does an anime look like?
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (61)
Section 1
(50 cards)
What does an anime look like?
N with 3 Cs around it
What does a carboxylic acid look like?
C double bond O with an OH on the side
What is ketosis? What would you eat to avoid ketosis.
The accumulation of ketones in the body. You would want a high carb diet.
what is an enantiomer? What do enantiomers have in common?
a chiral compound that is not super imposable on its mirror imaging. meaning you can put it on top of it's mirror image and they WONT be the same. they have identical physical properties- melting point, boiling point, and solubility- except they differ with how they interact in polarized light.
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria
What does an Alkane look like?
Single bond between Cs
What is glycolysis? Where does it occur in the body?
Converts glucose to pyruvate then to acetyl CoA. Happens in the muscles
What are the four levels of protein structure
Primary: sequence of amino acids with peptide bonds secondary: alpha helix and beta sheet stabilized by hydrogen bonding tertiary: overall 3D shape and IMF quaternary: multiple subunits together
What does a ketone look like?
C double bond O with two Cs on the side
What does an ester look like?
C double bond O with an OC on the side
a tertiary alcohol is oxidized to..
nothing/ NR because there aren't any H's
How do they determine is a heart attack took place in a clinical setting?
They measure the enzyme levels in the body. Enzymes are released as the heart tissue dies.
What does an alcohol look like?
O with an H and a C on it
What does a carbonyl look like?
C double bonded two an O with 2 Cs on the side
When do london dispersion forces occur in R groups of amino acids?
both chains are non-polar (theres lots of C and H)
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A D E K
D vs L on a chiral carbon
D= OH is on the right L= OH is on the left
What does an alkyne look like?
Triple bond between Cs
What are glycogen, starch, and cellulose made of?
Glucose
what is the difference between an acetal and a hemiacetal?
an acetal is a carbon sandwiched between 2 Os a hemiacetal is a carbon sandwiched between an O and OH
What does an ether look like?
O with 2 Cs on the side
a primary alcohol is oxidized to...
an aldehyde and then into a carboxylic acid
a secondary alcohol is oxidized to...
a ketone
Where would the pH be the lowest in the mitochondria, why?
The inter membrane space, there is a high concentration of H+ ions from the electron transport chain
what is fisher esterification?
the formation of an ester
describe the structure of the cell membrane
the cell membrane has a phospholipid bilayer which consists of two layers of phospholipids, with a hydrophobic, or water-hating, interior and a hydrophilic, or water-loving, exterior.
what does ATP look like?
3 phosphates + ribose sugar + adenine
describe the structure of a lipid, does this make them water soluble or insoluble?
lipids are dominated by a hydrophobic region ( lots of C and H ) so they are more water insoluble
What does an amide look like?
C double bond O with a N on the side
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the body. Catabolism + anabolism
How cyanide poisoning occurs
HCN produces CN which binds to Fe3+. This prevents Fe3+ from becoming Fe2+ so the electron transport chain is stopped which means you can't make ATP= death.
What does a benzene/ aromatic ring look like?
Hexagon with double bonds all the way around
Describe thalidomide
Thalidomide is a drug that has two enantiomers. one of its enantiomers is an anti- nausea drug. The other is a drug that was given to pregnant woman and caused birth defects. Never approved in US
what is the primary energy carry molecule in your body?
ATP
What is a chiral carbon?
Carbon with 4 different groups around it
What does an aldehyde look like?
C double bond O with an H on the side
What is a characteristic of soap
Soap is a carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain ( lots of Cs and Hs)
what are the three macromolecules the body uses for energy
carbohydrates (primarily) lipids/ fat if carbs are low protein/ amino acids as a last resort
What is your 3' and 5' end in DNA
5' = free phospate 3'= free OH
an aldehyde is reduced to a...
primary alcohol
what is a stereoisomer?
isomers that differ only in 3D arrangement. Example: Cis and trans.
Why are medicines administered as a salt?
The salt is more water soluble than the free amine
when does electrostatic forces occur in R groups of amino acids?
when theres ions ( + & -)
What is an NSAID? Give example sold as racemic mixture
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Ibuprofen is sold as a racemic mixture meaning its composed equally of two enantiomers ( one active, the other is inactive)
Describe the structure of the mitochondria. Where does energy production occur?
outer membrane and inner membrane have many folds (lots of surface area = more ATP) area between the membranes is inter membrane space energy production happens on the inner membrane
How to determine % of A, T, C, G
A and T pair together so they will have same % C and G pair togrther so they will have the same %
When a protein is denatured how is the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure affected?
Primary structure is UNAFFECTED 2,3, and 4 may be changed/ unraveled
What does an Alkene look like?
Double bond between Cs
What is saponification
The hydrolysis of esters by a base
when does hydrogen bonding occur in R groups of amino acids?
when there is an H that can bond to N, O, or F
Section 2
(11 cards)