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AP Biology Chapter 39

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Section 1

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phototropism

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1 / 41

Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (41)

Section 1

(41 cards)

phototropism

Front

Growth of a plant shoot toward or away from light.

Back

etiolation

Front

morphological adaptations for growing in darkness

Back

senescence

Front

A gradual physical decline that is related to aging and during which the body becomes less strong and efficient.

Back

cytokinins

Front

A class of plant hormones that retard aging and act in concert with auxin to stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical dominance.

Back

blue-light photoreceptors

Front

a type of light receptor in plants that initiates a variety of responses, such as phototropism and slowing of hypocotyl elongation

Back

second messengers

Front

Small, non-protein water soluble molecules or ions that send messages throughout the cells by diffusion.

Back

short-day plant

Front

A plant that flowers only when the light period is shorter than a critical length. Usually fall or winter.

Back

phytochrome

Front

plant pigment responsible for photoperiodism (sleeping at night, waking up at day, for plants)

Back

photomorphogenesis

Front

Effects of light on plant morphology (the form of the plant).

Back

action potential

Front

A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

Back

Plant growth regulator

Front

Organic compounds other than nutrients (like hormones that affect plant growth.

Back

thigmomorphogenesis

Front

A response in plants to chronic mechanical stimulation, resulting from increased ethylene production. An example is thickening stems in response to strong winds.

Back

long-day plant

Front

A plant that flowers only when the light period is longer than a critical length. Usually spring or early summer.

Back

biotic stresses

Front

Stresses caused by living factors, such as bacteria, fungi, animals, other plants.

Back

florigen

Front

A flowering signal, not yet chemically identified, that may be a hormone or may be a change in relative concentrations of multiple hormones.

Back

circadian rhythms

Front

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.

Back

photoperiodism

Front

A physiological response to photoperiod, the relative lengths of night and day. An example of photoperiodism is flowering.

Back

thigmotropism

Front

A growth response to touch

Back

hypersensitive response

Front

a plant's localized defense response to a pathogen, involving the death of cells around the site of infection

Back

vernalization

Front

The use of cold treatment to induce a plant to flower.

Back

abscisic acid (ABA)

Front

a plant hormone that slows growth, often antagonizing the actions of growth hormones. Two of its many effects are to promote seed dormancy (prevents seeds from germinating at incorrect time) and facilitate drought tolerance, high ___ causes stomata to close

Back

virulent pathogens

Front

pathogens against which a plant has little specific defense

Back

ethylene

Front

The only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening.

Back

day-neutral plants

Front

are not affected by the length of day

Back

brassinosteroids

Front

steroid hormones in plants that have a variety of effects, including cell elongation, retarding leaf abscission, and promoting xylem differentiation.

Back

avirulent pathogens

Front

strains of pathogens that are mildly harmful, but do not kill the host plant

Back

phytochromes

Front

A class of light receptors in plants. Mostly absorbing red light, these photoreceptors regulate many plant responses, including seed germination and shade avoidance.

Back

gibberellin

Front

a hormone that stimulates plant stem elongation

Back

heat-shock proteins

Front

Proteins that help maintain integrity of other proteins that would normally be denatured in extreme heat.

Back

systemic acquired resistance

Front

A defensive response in plants infected with a pathogenic microbe; helps protect healthy tissue from the microbe.

Back

expansins

Front

Plant enzymes that break the cross-links (hydrogen bonds) between cellulose microfibrils and other cell wall constituents, loosening the walls fabric.

Back

apoptosis

Front

Process of programmed cell death

Back

statoliths

Front

specialized plastids containing dense starch grains, that let plants know up from down.

Back

plant hormone

Front

abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins act as chemical messengers

Back

triple response

Front

A plant growth maneuver in response to mechanical stress, involving slowing of stem elongation, a thickening of the stem, and a curvature that causes the stem to start growing horizontally.

Back

gravitropism

Front

A growth response to gravity

Back

action spectrum

Front

A profile of the relative performance of the different wavelengths in photosynthesis (so green light is less absorbed, others are better absorbed).

Back

de-etiolation

Front

The changes a plant shoot undergoes in response to sunlight; also known informally as greening.

Back

tropism

Front

A growth response that results in the curvature of whole plant organs toward or away from stimuli owing to differential rates of cell elongation.

Back

abiotic stresses

Front

Stresses that come from non-living factors such as wind, temperature, drought or pollution

Back

auxin

Front

Indoleacetic acid (IAA), a natural plant hormone that has a variety of effects, including cell elongation, root formation, secondary growth, and fruit growth.

Back