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AP Chemistry Chapter 10

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Section 1

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critical point

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Chemistry Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (28)

Section 1

(28 cards)

critical point

Front

the point on a phase diagram at which the temperature and pressure have their critical values; the end point of the liquid-vapor line

Back

phase diagram

Front

a convenient way of representing the phases of a substance in a closed system as a function of temperature and pressure

Back

superheating

Front

the process of heating a liquid above its boiling point without its boiling

Back

surface tension

Front

the resistance of a liquid to an increase in its surface area

Back

heat of vaporization

Front

the energy required to vaporize one mole of a liquid at a pressure of one atmosphere

Back

critical pressure

Front

the minimum pressure required to produce liquefaction of a substance at the critical temperature

Back

ionic solid

Front

a solid containing cations and anions at the lattice points

Back

critical temperature

Front

the temperature above which vapor cannot be liquefied no matter what pressure is applied

Back

triple point

Front

the point on a phase diagram at which all three states of a substance are present

Back

normal melting point

Front

the temperature at which the solid and liquid states have the same vapor pressure under conditions where the total pressure on the system is one atmosphere

Back

sublimation

Front

the process by which a substance goes directly from the solid to the gaseous state without passing through the liquid state

Back

vaporization

Front

the change in state that occurs when a liquid evaporates to form a gas; evaporization

Back

condensed states

Front

liquids and solids

Back

intermolecular forces

Front

relatively weak interactions that occur between molecules

Back

atomic solid

Front

a solid that contains atoms at the lattice points

Back

hydrogen bonding

Front

unusually strong dipole-dipole attractions that occur among molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine

Back

normal boiling point

Front

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is exactly one atmosphere

Back

equilibrium

Front

the point at which no further net change occurs in the amount of liquid or vapor because the two opposite processes exactly balance each other

Back

enthalpy of fusion

Front

the enthalpy change that occurs to melt a solid at its melting point

Back

capillary action

Front

the spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube

Back

molecular solid

Front

a solid composed of neutral molecules at the lattice points

Back

London dispersion forces

Front

the forces, existing among noble gas atoms and nonpolar molecules, that involve an accidental dipole that induces a momentary dipole in a neighbor

Back

heating curve

Front

a plot of temperature versus time for a substance where energy is added at a constant rate

Back

condensation

Front

the process by which vapor molecules reform a liquid

Back

equilibrium vapor pressure

Front

vapor pressure - the pressure of the vapor present at equilibrium

Back

enthalpy of vaporization

Front

heat of vaporization

Back

dipole-dipole attraction

Front

the attraction force resulting when polar molecules line up so that the positive and negative ends are close to each other

Back

supercooling

Front

the process of cooling a liquid below its freezing point without its changing to a solid

Back