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Biology

memorize.aimemorize.ai (lvl 286)
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35 cards
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Section 1

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26. B,

Front

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (35)

Section 1

(35 cards)

26. B,

Front

26. The blastula stage of development contains cells called _______ and a hollow cavity called a _________. A) blastomeres; archenteron B) blastomeres; blastocoel C) blastocoels; morula D) epithelia; blastocoel E) epithelia; blastopore

Back

14. A,

Front

14. All of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis except A) facilitated diffusion. B) active transport. C) Na+ ions moving out of the cell. D) proton pumps. E) translocation of potassium into a cell

Back

6. B,

Front

6. Which of the following is not considered part of the endomembrane system? A) nuclear envelope B) chloroplast C) Golgi apparatus D) plasma membrane E) ER

Back

13. C,

Front

13. The 3 steps of cellular signalling, in order, are: A) transduction, response and reception B) reception, response and transduction C) reception, transduction and response D) quorum sensing, aggregation and budding E) Ligand synthesis, exocytosis, ligand release

Back

5. A,

Front

5. The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that A) the nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum B) at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope. C) the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system. D) small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope E) nuclear pore complexes contain proteins

Back

17. C,

Front

17. ATP generally energizes a cellular process by A) releasing heat upon hydrolysis. B) acting as a catalyst. C) coupling free energy released by ATP hydrolysis to free energy needed by other reactions. D) breaking a high-energy bond. E) binding directly to the substrate(s) of the enzyme.

Back

33. D,

Front

33. During translation, chain elongation continues until what happens? A) No further amino acids are needed by the cell. B) All tRNAs are empty. C) The polypeptide is long enough. D) A stop codon is encountered. E) The ribosomes run off the end of mRNA.

Back

29. A,

Front

29. What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix? A) hydrogen B) ionic C) covalent D) sulfhydryl E) phosphate

Back

34. A,

Front

34. If a cell were unable to produce histone proteins, which of the following would be a likely effect? A) The cell's DNA couldn't be packed into its nucleus. B) Amplification of other genes would compensate for the lack of histones. C) Spindle fibres would not form during prophase. D) Pseudogenes would be transcribed to compensate for the decreased protein in the cell. E) There would be an increase in the amount of "satellite" DNA produced during centrifugation.

Back

24. D,

Front

24. A true tissue is A) many different types of cells organised into an organ B) a collection of unspecialised cells C) a collection of unspecialised and specialised cells D) a collection of specialised cells E) none of the above

Back

25. E,

Front

25. The 4 tissue types are A) skin, bone, blood, nervous B) epithelia, endothelia, skeletal muscle, mesothelia C) connective, muscle, endothelia, epithelia D) skin, muscle, digestive, accessory E) epithelia, connective, muscle, nervous

Back

35. A

Front

35. After DNA replication is completed, A) each new DNA double helix consists of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand. B) each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands. C) one DNA double helix consists of two old strands and one DNA double helix consists of two new strands. D) each of the four DNA strands consists of some old strand parts and some new strand parts. E) there are four double helices.

Back

16. C,

Front

16. Which of the following forms of energy is least available to accomplish cellular work? A) light energy B) electrical energy C) thermal energy (heat) D) mechanical energy E) potential energy

Back

22. E,

Front

22. The 3 tissue layers of bilateral animals from outside to inside are: A) endoderm, mesoderm, exoderm B) endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm C) epiderm, mesoderm, exoderm D) mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm E) ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Back

21. C,

Front

21. Which of the following is not true of enzymes? A) Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the pH and temperature of the reaction environment. B) Enzyme catalysis is dependent on the three-dimensional structure or conformation of the enzyme. C) Enzymes provide activation energy for the reaction they catalyze. D) Enzymes are composed primarily of protein, but they may bind nonprotein cofactors. E) Enzyme activity can be inhibited if the enzyme's allosteric site is bound with a noncompetitive inhibitor

Back

12. C,

Front

12. Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? A) It is very rapid over long distances. B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. E) It requires integral proteins in the cell membrane.

Back

10. B,

Front

10. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane? A) It is a peripheral membrane protein. B) It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule. C) It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function. D) It works against diffusion. E) It has few, if any, hydrophobic amino acids.

Back

18. B,

Front

18. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law? A) The energy content of an organism is constant. B) The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment. C) The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity. D) Organisms are unable to transform energy. E) Life does not obey the first law of thermodynamics.

Back

2. B,

Front

2. Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes? A) a cell that is secreting proteins B) a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes C) a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix D) a cell that is digesting food particles E) a cell that is enlarging its vacuole

Back

23. A,

Front

23. In order, the developmental processes producing an embryo are A) fertilisation, cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis B) cleavage, fertilisation, gastrulation and organogenesis C) fertilisation, gastrulation, cleavage and apoptosis. D) fertilisation, cleavage, gastrulation and apoptosis E) none of the above

Back

20. C,

Front

20. What is a nonprotein "helper" of an enzyme molecule called? A) accessory enzyme B) allosteric group C) coenzyme D) functional group E) enzyme activator

Back

19. B,

Front

19. Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's A) entropy. B) activation energy. C) endothermic level. D) heat content. E) free-energy content

Back

9. A,

Front

9. According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids? A) They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane. B) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other. C) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane. D) They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution. E) They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.

Back

4. B,

Front

4. Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is not correct? A) cell wall: support, protection B) chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration C) chromosomes: genetic control information D) ribosomes: site of protein synthesis E) mitochondria: formation of ATP

Back

8. C,

Front

8. Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? A) phospholipids and cellulose B) nucleic acids and proteins C) phospholipids and proteins D) proteins and cellulose E) glycoproteins and cholesterol

Back

28. E,

Front

28. In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following is true? A) A = C B) A = G and C = T C) A + C = G + T D) G + A = T + C E) both C and D

Back

32. B,

Front

32. A codon A) consists of two nucleotides. B) may code for the same amino acid as another codon. C) consists of discrete amino acid regions. D) catalyzes RNA synthesis. E) is found in all eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes.

Back

11. D,

Front

11. The lateral mobility (fluidity) of lipids and proteins in membranes is a consequence of A) lack of covalent bonds between the lipid and protein components of the membrane. B) weak hydrophobic interactions among the components in the interior of the membrane. C) the presence of liquid water in the interior of the membrane. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

Back

7. E,

Front

7. When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that A) the integral membrane proteins are not strong enough to hold the bilayer together. B) water that is present in the middle of the bilayer freezes and is easily fractured. C) hydrophilic interactions between the opposite membrane surfaces are destroyed on freezing. D) the carbon-carbon bonds of the phospholipid tails are easily broken. E) the hydrophobic interactions that hold the membrane together are weakest at this point.

Back

15. D,

Front

15. Ions diffuse across membranes down their A) chemical gradients. B) concentration gradients. C) electrical gradients. D) electrochemical gradients. E) A and B are correct.

Back

30. C,

Front

30. What is the function of DNA polymerase? A) to unwind the DNA helix during replication B) to seal together the broken ends of DNA strands C) to add nucleotides to the end of a growing DNA strand D) to degrade damaged DNA molecules E) to rejoin the two DNA strands (one new and one old) after replication

Back

27. C,

Front

27. Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication? A) primase B) DNA polymerase III C) helicase D) ligase E) DNA polymerase I

Back

3. E,

Front

3. Which of the following comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is incorrect? A) The lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that they are structurally less complex than eukaryotes. B) The lack of internal membranes means that prokaryotes cannot compartmentalize function to the same extent as eukaryotes. C) All membrane function in prokaryotes is accomplished in the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotes, these functions are more distributed among the organelles. D) The specialization of function in organelles suggests that eukaryotes will contain a wider variety of phospholipids than prokaryotes. E) The lack of organelles in prokaryotes means that the basic cellular functions are different in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

Back

1. E,

Front

1. All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except A) DNA. B) a cell wall. C) a plasma membrane. D) ribosomes. E) an endoplasmic reticulum.

Back

31. E,

Front

31. A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is AGT. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is A) AGT. B) UGA. C) TCA. D) ACT. E) UCA.

Back