Section 1
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hemoglobin function
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Date created
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Cards (73)
Section 1
(50 cards)
hemoglobin function
*transports oxygen and carbon dioxide *carry oxygen and also CO2 back to the lungs *transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
Theory of Evolution
states that evolutionary change comes through the production of variation in each generation and differential survival of individuals with different combinations of these variable characters.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
first evolutionist to believe that organisms change over time. Who developed three theories: the theory of need, the theory of use and disuse, the theory of acquired characteristics.
Transcription
process of forming a neucleic acid using a template
mitosis, meiosis
body cell reproduction and sex cell reproduction
genome
the complete genetic material contained in an individual.
genetic code
set of rules that specify to the codons in DNA or RNA that corresponds to the amino acids in proteins
analogous structure
have similar functions but different origin
chromosomal mutations
changes in the chromosomes where parts of the chromosomes are broken and lost during mitosis
mutation
a change in the DNA of a gene.
CONTROL VARIABLE
VARIABLES THAT REMAIN CONSTANT OR UNCHANGED
RNA
receives instructions from DNA
mutation
any change in the DNA sequence
genes
segment of dna that codes for a specific trait
heredity
the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Ex. scientists know that _____ can increase chances for certain diseases.
Translation
process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein
proteins
monomers of amino acid chains
BACTERIA
Bacteria are living cells and can multiply rapidly. Once inside the body, they release poisons or toxins that make us feel ill. BACTERIA GET IN BETWEEN CELLS
DNA
Deoxyriboneucleic acid found mainly in the nucleus
convergent evolution
analogous structure of unrelated organisms from different ancestors develop similar function such as butterfly wings and bird wings.
homeostasis
state reaches when each part of the body functions in equilibrium with other parts.
codon
each set of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA representing an amino acid or start/stop signal
Variation
differences in traits of organisms in a population
amino acids
the building blocks of protein
nucleotides
neuclic acid base pairs
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.
organism
any living thing; something that meets all criteria of life. Ex. so far, we have not found proof of any living ________ on another planet.
gene
sections of chromosomes made of DNA that code for traits. The basic unit of heredity.
interdependence
organisms in a biological community live and interact with other organisms.
egg cell
also called ovum; female gamete
Translation
uses the codons in mRNA to make a specific amino acid
nitrogenous base
is a carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen. In DNA, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
function of the blood
Transportation materials to and from cells Transports nutrients, carries O2, waste products, hormones to their target cells, regulates body temperature, protects against bacteria and viruses
ecology
the branch of biology that studies the interactions of organisms with one another and with nonliving parts of their environment
VIRUSES
Viruses can only reproduce inside host cells, and they damage the cell when they do this VIRUSES GET INTO CELL
replication
double the chromosomes
convergence
is an increase similarities among species derived from different ancestors as a result of similar adaptation to similar environment.
mRNA
messenger RNA, brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
rRNA
ribosomal rna, hold tightly to the mRNA and use its information to assemble amino acids
dependent variable
a variable (often denoted by y ) whose value depends on that of another.
homologous structure
perform different functions in the species living in the different environment, or it may gave the same origin but different functions
natural selection
process in which organisms with favorable genes are more likely to survive to reproduce. Ex. the idea of ____ ______ was first presented by Charles Darwin.
Transcription
process of copying DNA sequence into RNA
Chromosomes
made up of DNA and proteins
sexual reproduction
2 parents male and female
tRNA
transfer RNA, a type of RNA that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized in the ribosomes.
anticodon
the complement of mRNA; triplet code on the tRNA
divergent evolution
splitting of an ancestral population into two or more subpopulations that are geographically isolated from one another.
asexual reproduction
1 parent
metabolism
all chemical processes that synthesize or break down materials within an organism.
Section 2
(23 cards)