Section 1
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dermis
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (191)
Section 1
(50 cards)
dermis
A layer tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin which contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, and oil and sweat glands.
hair shaft
The part of the hair located above the skin
Functions of skin: Temperature Maintenance
The production perspiration by sweat glands help to lower the temperature back to normal.
athlete's foot
contagious; fungal infection
Tumor
mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
Sweat Glands
also called sudoriferous glands, found through the body
Stratum Corneum
outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells
Vitamin D Production
This is essential for the absorption of calcium into the body
dandruff
flaking of the outer layer of dead skin cells. usually on the scalp and caused by yeast
direct sunlight
primary cause of skin cancer
Hair
Made of keratin. Protects scalp from light from sun
epidermis
The outer layer of the skin.
Adipose tissue (fat molecule)
Made:fat Function:Insulate the body from heat and cold provides padding an energy storage area
squamous cell carcinoma
less common form of cancer, but more likely to spread through the body
Cancer
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
necrotizing fasciitis
flesh eating bacteria
Psoriasis
Genetic condition where new skin cells are produced at an extremely fast rate
3rd degree Burn
All three layers have been affected
Impetigo
bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
Melanoma
The most serious form of skin cancer
Uticaria
hives; an eruption of rash on the skin accompanied by itch. Usually caused by allergic reaction
integumentary system
Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail
Ist degree burn
the Epidermis has been affected
Body Organization
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
stratum basale
deepest layer of epidermis, produces new cells for epidermis
integumentary system
Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail, largest organ of the human body.
Collagen
structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
Metastasis
The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
Muscular System
enables movement of the body and internal organs
Eczema
scaly itchy rashes. redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
basal cell carcinoma
most common skin cancer
hair follicle
A small tubular cavity in skin containing the root of a hair and is attached to oil glands.
Physiology
The study of body function
Sebaceous Glands
found in the dermis, secrete the oil sebum
2nd degree burn
The Dermis has been affected
Blood vessel
Made:Arteries and veins Function:provide nutrients to the skin and help regulate body temperature
nervous system
the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
acne
bacterial infection of sebaceous glands
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Sensory Reception
(sensitivity) The skin contains numerous nerve endings that detect stimuli related to temperature, touch, pressure, and pain.
MRSA
Staph infection
hypodermis
Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of fat is located under the dermis of the skin; helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and blood vessels.
Protection
Skin covers the body and acts as a physical barrier that protects underlying tissue from physical cut, bacterial invasions, dehydration and sunburn.
Erector Pilli/Arrector Pilli
Made:Muscles attached to hair Function:makes the hair on a person's arm stand up to keep them warm
Albinism
Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to no melanin
Nerve
Made:Sensory receptors Variety of nerve receptors Function:Sense change and information about outside environment
skeletal system
Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints
melanin
A pigment that gives the skin, hair and eyes color and helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer.
PURPOSE of integumentary
-Protection -temperature regulation -Water Regulation -makes Vitamin D from sunlight -sensory information
Ring worm
fungal infection
Section 2
(50 cards)
Fatty Acid
Building Blocks of Lipids
Disaccharide
any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
lymphatic system
Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Electron
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
reproductive system
system of organs involved in producing offspring
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis
Mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
endocrine system
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
Connective Tissue
A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts
Epithelial Tissue
A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out
Muscular Tissue
Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.
Hypotonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
tRNA
transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
Substrate
reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Nervous Tissue
A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.
Macromolecule
A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
Atom
Basic unit of matter
Hydrogen Bond
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose in animals
diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
ionic bond
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Monosaccharides
Single sugar molecules
Hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
Amino Acid
Building blocks of protein
digestive system
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells.
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
repiratory system
Body system consisting of the lungs and air passages; enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide wastes.
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Starch
A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
mRNA
messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
active transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Cellulose
A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms
Lipids
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes They are used to store energy. They are an important part of the cell membrane. They form waterproof coverings on feathers, fruits, leaves, etc. They cushion and insulate the internal organs.
Protein
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
Glycerol
Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.
isotonic
Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
Urinary/Excretory System
Removes waste products from your body
Nucleic Acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus that store genetic information
circulatory system
Transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, heat, etc... around the body
Carbohydrates
simple sugars like glucose that are used as the main source of energy
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Section 3
(50 cards)
Synergist
muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
Sarcomere
Contractile unit of muscle
Mandible
Lower Jaw, only movable bone of skull
Extension
Straightening of a joint
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Foramen Magnum
opening in skull where spinal cord meets the brain
Flexion
bending a joint
Closed (simple) fracture
Break that does not penetrate the skin
Axial Skeleton
Skull, Vertebral Column, Rib Cage
Osteoblasts
Bone forming cells
Epimysium
covers the entire skeletal muscle
Prime Mover
muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
Epiphysis
Ends of the long bone, made of spongy bone, location of red marrow
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Open (compound) fracture
broken bone penetrates the skin
Irregular Bones
Bones that do not fit into the other three shapes
Flat Bones
Bone that is thin and usually curved, made of compact bone surrounding spongy bone
Myofibril
tightly packed filament bundles found within skeletal muscle fibers
Medullary Cavity
Cavity of the long bone shaft, contains yellow marrow in adults
Endomysium
Surrounds individual muscle fibers
cellular respiration
Mitochondria uses glucose (sugar) to make ATP Aerobic (needs oxygen to work) Used for activities lasting hours 1 glucose = 38 ATP
Diaphysis
Shaft of the long bone, made of compact bone, location of yellow marrow
Rotation
movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
Origin
attachment of a muscle to an immovable bone
skeletal muscle
A muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones.
smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body
Exocytosis
Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Fermentation
Breaks down glucose but without oxygen Anaerobic (no oxygen needed) A byproduct of this reaction is lactic acid. The buildup of this lactic acid is what causes pain in the muscles
Appendicular Skeleton
Arms and Legs, Shoulder, Pelvis
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb at the far end
Maxilla
Upper Jaw
Number of bones in human body
206
Long Bones
Longer than they are wide, made of compact bone mostly
muscle contraction
Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for
Functions of the muscular system
Support, Movement, Maintain body temp, movement of veins and lymph, protect organs and stabilize joints
myasthemia gravis (MG)
progressive weakness due to a shortage of acetylcholine receptors
Functions of the skeletal system
Support, Protection, Movement, Storage of minerals and fats, Blood cell formation
Repair of bone fractures
Hematoma --> Fibrocartilage forms a callus around break --> fibrocartilage callus becomes bony callus --> Bony callus remodeled to bone
cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Articular Cartilage
Covers the epiphysis to decreases friction at the joints
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
lacking a protein to maintain the sarcolemma
Short Bones
Cube-shaped bone made mostly of spongy bone
muscular dystrophy
inherited, muscle enlarge due to increased fat and connective tissue, but fibers degenerate and atrophy
Antagonist
muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
Insertion
attachment to movable bone
Osteoclasts
Bone destroying cells
Creatine Phosphate
An energy storage molecule used by muscle tissue. The phosphate from creatine phosphate can be removed and attached to an ADP to generate ATP quickly. Fastest way to make ATP
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Perimysium
Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
Section 4
(41 cards)