Section 1
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resilience
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (57)
Section 1
(50 cards)
resilience
Adapting positively and achieving successful outcomes in the face of significant risks and adverse circumstances.
early-later experience issues
Issue focusing on the degree to which early experiences (especially in early childhood) or late experiences are the key determinants of development.
early adolescents
Te developmental period that corresponds roughly to the middle school or junior high school years and includes most pubertal change.
Bandura's social cognitive theory
Emphasizes reciprocal influences of behavior, environment, and person/cognition factors.
nature-nurture issues
Issue involving the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by an organism's biological inheritance (nature) or by its environmental experiences (nurture).
development
The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span. Most development involve growth, although it also includes decay (death and dying).
correlation coefficient
A number based on a statistical analysis that is used to describe the degree of association between two variables.
psychoanalytic theories
Theories that describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. Behavior is merely a surface characteristic, and the symbolic workings of the mind have to be analyzed to understand behavior. Early experiences with parents are emphasized.
Erikson's Theory
Theory that includes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be faced.
adolescence
The developmental period of transition from childhood to adulthood; it involves biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes. Begins at about 10-13 years and ends in in the late teens.
early adulthood
The developmental period beginning in the late teens or early twenties and lasting through the thirties.
Skinner's Operant Conditioning
Behavioral and social cognitive theory Operant conditioning Consequences of behavior predict likelihood to be repeated Stressed punishment and reward to shape development
adolescent generation gap
Adelson's concept of generalizations about adolescents based on information regarding a limited, often highly visible group of adolescents.
Psychosexual theory of development
Freud psychoanalytic theory problems result of early experiences focus of pleasure sexual impulse shifts from mouth to genitals Id, Ego, & Super ego
emerging adulthood
The developmental period occurring from approximately 18-25 years of age; this transitional period between adolescence and adulthood is characterized by experimentation and exploration.
middle and late childhood
The developmental period extending from about 6 to 10 or 11 years of age; sometimes called the elementary school years.
early childhood
The developmental period extending from the end of infancy to about 5 or 6 years of age; sometimes called the preschool years.
infancy
The developmental period that extends from birth to 18 to 24 months of age.
eclectic theoretical orientation
An orientation that does not follow any one theoretical approach but rather selects from each theory whatever is considered the best in it.
Millennials
The generation born after 1980, the first to come of age and enter emerging adulthood in the new millennium. Two characteristics of Millennials stand out: (1) their ethnic diversity and (2) their connection to technology.
cognitive processes
Changes in an individual's thinking intelligence.
information-processing theory
A theory emphasizing that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it. Central to this approach are the processes of memory and thinking.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory
A theory focusing on the influence of five environmental systems: microsystems, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem.
biological processes
physical changes in an individual's body.
contexts
The settings in which development occurs. These settings are influenced by historical, economical, social, and cultural factors.
stereotype
A generalization that reflects our impressions and beliefs about a broad group of people. All stereotypes refer to an image of what the typical member of a specific group is like.
case study
An in-depth look at a single individual.
Piaget's Theory
A theory stating that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development,
theory
An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps explain phenomena and make predictions.
inventionist view
The view that adolescence is a sociohistorical creation. Especially important in this view are the sociohistorical circumstances at the beginning of the twentieth century, a time when legislation was enacted that ensured the dependency of youth and made their move into the economic sphere more manageable.
late adulthood
The developmental period that lasts from about 60-70 years of age until death.
prenatal period
The time from conception to birth.
Vygotsky's Theory
A sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.
middle adulthood
The developmental period that is entered at about 35 to 45 years of age and exited at about 55 to 65 years of age.
descriptive research
Research that aims to observe and record behavior
standardized test
A test with uniform procedures for administration and scoring. Many standardized tests allows a person's performance to be compared with the performance of other individuals.
laboratory
A controlled setting in which many of the complex factors of the "real world" are removed.
correlational research
Research whose goal is to describe the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics.
cohort effects
Refers to effects due to a person's date of birth, era, or generation, but not to actual chronological age.
late adolescents
The developmental period that corresponds approximately to the latter half of the second decade of life. Career interests, dating, and identity exploration are often more pronounced in late adolescence than in early adolescents.
experience sampling method (ESM)
Research method that involves providing participants with electronic pagers and then beeping them at random times, at which they are asked to report on various aspects of their lives.
social cognitive theory
The view that behavior, environment, and cognition are the key factors in development.
Margaret Mead
Sociocultural view did studies in Samoa later criticized, some still defend her view
storm-and-stress view
G. Stanley Hall's concept that adolescence was a turbulent time charges with conflict and mood swings.
continuity-discontinuity issue
Issue regarding whether development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) and distinct stages (discontinuity).
hypotheses
Specific assertions and predictions that can be tested.
G. Stanley Hall
storm and stress view influenced by Darwin father of the field of adolescence biological processes
social policy
A national government's course of action designed to influence the welfare of its citizens.
socioemotional processes
Changes in an individual's personality, emotions, relationships with other people, and social contexts.
naturalistic
Observation of behavior in real-world settings
Section 2
(7 cards)