Section 1
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Han dynasty
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (139)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Han dynasty
Chinese dynasty that restored unity in China softened legalist policies
Caste
any of the hereditary social classes in Hindu society; social stratification
Pax Romana
200 year period time in history when the Roman Empire was at peace and promoted safe trade.
Mandate of heaven
the belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the gods
Augustus
founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor
Asoka
Strongest of Mauryan rulers, extended rule over most of India, converted to buddhism
Dharma
the fulfillment of one's social and religious duties in Hinduism
Fertile crescent
an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began
Karma
in Hindu belief, the sum of good and bad actions in one's present and past lives
Brahman
The single spiritual power that resides in all things
Qur'an
Holy book of Islam
Cuneiform
A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.
Buddha
Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have found a path for overcoming suffering.
Plebeians
Common people of Rome
Direct democracy
A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
Bureaucracy
A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
Aristocracy
government headed by a privileged minority or upper class
Reincarnation
Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over.
Silk road
Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.
Bread and circuses
Provided food and entertainment to the poor people so that they wouldn't revolt
Ziggurat
a pyramid shaped temple tower
Pharaoh
a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political leader
Four noble truths
Four things about life and suffering Buddha knew to be true
Torah
the sacred writings of the Jewish religion.
Empire
an extensive group of states or countries under a single, supreme authority
Civilization
A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes
Laws of the twelve tables
the first written Roman law that gave every Roman the right to justice
Upanishads
Written meditations on the spiritual essence of the universe and the self/ sanskrit
Patricians
Roman aristocrats and wealthy classes.
Hellenistic
Of or relating to Greek history, culture, or art after Alexander the Great
Aqueducts
Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities
Middle kingdom
Period of stability and order in ancient Egypt between about 2050 and 1750 BC
Wudi
Chinese emperor who brought the Han dynasty to its greatest strength/peak
Code of Hammurabi
The collection of laws organized by Hammurabi for the people of Babylon to follow/ first written
Sharia
Islamic law; a combination of the Quran and the Hadith.
Republic
A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
Maurya Dynasty
the 1st state to bring centralized, unified government to most of India, Ashoka was the leader
Qin
1st unified imperial Chinese dynasty built Great Wall of China to keep out Mongols (Qin Shi Huangdi); Legalist
The Hijra
The flight by Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina.
Cultural diffusion
The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
Vedas
ancient sacred writings of India
Feudalism
A system of government based on landowners and tenants
New testament
contains 27 books about Jesus' teachings, life, death, and resurrection/ Christianity
Animism
The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits
Neolithic
New Stone Age, era of farming, cities and the first civilizations.
Nirvana
The state of englightenment for Buddhists.
Messiah
A savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the Jews.
Senate
A group of 300 men elected to govern Rome in the Roman Republic.
Nomads
having no fixed home, moving from place to place in search of food, water, or grazing land
Jihad
A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal
Section 2
(50 cards)
Charlemagne
king who united Western Europe, made emperor by pope and valued education 1st Holy Roman Emperor
Common law
the laws that come from court decisions rather than those made by the legislatures
Serfs
A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times
Bubonic plague
Deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century
Algebra
Type of mathematics invented by Muslim scholars
Taoism
A Chinese philosophy in which people live a simple life in harmony with nature.
Excommunicated
declare a person or group is no longer a member of the church
Shiite
believe Muhammad's successor should be a family member
Martin Luther 95 thesis
He wrote a list of complaints of the Catholic Church and nailed it to his church door.
Trade fairs
Encouraged trade between Flanders and Italy
The inquisitions
legal procedures supervised by special judges to try suspected heretics
Muhammad
Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.
Apprentices
people who learn a trade under a master
Missionaries
people who are sent by a religious organization to spread the faith
Divine right
the belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God
Secular
Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
Classicism
A return to the ideals of Greece and Rome in intellectual thought, art and architecture
Cathedral
A large and important church
Humanism
A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity
Parliament
a counsel of nobles created to advise the king
Reformation
a religious movement that produced a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism
Holy land
Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Christians believe Jesus lived and preached
Renaissance man
a man of any period who has a broad range of intellectual interests
Renaissance
a rebirth or revival
Shinto
Religion native to Japan that emphasizes worship of nature spirits and ancestors
Toleration
Acceptance of other religions.
Michelangelo
Italian painter, sculptor and engineer/sistine chapel
Zen buddhism
Form of Buddhism emphasizing personal enlightenment
Crusades
Holy wars to regain the Holy Lands
Medieval
Another name for the Middle Ages.
Caliph
a successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims
Sunni
Muslim group that accepts descendants of the Umayyads as rightful rulers of Muslims
Manorialism
economic system of Middle ages- work for protection
Capitalism
country trade and industry controlled by private owners instead of states, for profit
Kami
Any sacred being worshipped in Shinto including nature spirits and ancestors
Friar
Priest
Anti semitism
Prejudice against Jews
Gothic
medieval; type of fiction that uses remote, gloomy settings
Calvinism
a Protestant denomination of Christian faith founded by John Calvin
Scientific revolution
the period of great advances in the sciences, roughly 1500-1700
Commercial revolution
the expansion of trade and business in Europe
Diaspora
Scattering of Jews outside of Israel and Judah
Monasteries
A community of monks and were built all over Europe in the Middle ages
Confucianism
A philosophy that stresses family, moral values, and respect for elders
Indulgences
remission of the punishment for sin by the clergy in return for services or payments
Guild
an organization of people in the same craft or trade
Protestant
a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation
Leonardo da Vinci
the renaissance artist/inventor/engineer known for his painting The Last Supper
Magna carta
A written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarch's power
Chivalry
Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
Section 3
(39 cards)