Section 1
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Hieroglyphs
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (68)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Hieroglyphs
Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform
Neolithic
The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished
Babylonian Empire
Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.
Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and ___ that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations
new weapons modes of transportation
Babylon
second oldest Mesopotamian city state, succeeds Sumer, most important king was Hammurabi
civilization
large scale communities that had certain characteristics in common such as: recordkeeping, complex institutions (government, economy, organized religion), cities, specialization of labor, long-distance trade, technology
Euphrates and Tigris
two principle Mesopotamian rivers
Mesopotamia
Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys
Nomads
Cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies
foragers
Food collectors who gather, fish, or hunt
Shang
1st Chinese dynasty
Monotheism
The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization
specialization of labor
people in civilizations could be assigned different jobs and statuses in society due to having a surplus of food
bronze
A metal that is a mixture of copper and tin
Nile River
Principal water source of water flowing through North Africa (site of sophisticated cultural development); flooded regularly and enriched the soil in the process
Pharaoh
The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; considered a god as well as a political and military leader. The term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs
City-state
A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king
Pastoralism
A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies
pastoralism
the process of domestication, raising, and herding of animals
Mediterranean Sea
Sea connecting Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and N. Africa
bronze metallurgy
alloy of copper, tin, and zinc, this metal began to be produced from about 2800 BCE improved military equipment, agricultural knives, and plows
Hammurabi
The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law
Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin
Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China
Hammurabi
Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BCE)
Culture
Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction
Ziggurats
Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections
paleolithic
stone age period when human used stone tools and survived by hunting and foraging
Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern
Sumerians
People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states
Aryans
Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization
city-state
A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate surrounding area
Neolithic/Agricultural/Agrarian revolution
Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture
Hunting and Gathering
Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization
Phoenicians
Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean; extensive trade, communication networks, early alphabetical script
Pyramids
Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs
cuneiform
a very early form of writing, from Sumer in Mesopotamia, done by pressing a cone-shaped stylus into soft clay
cuneiform
A form of writing developed by the Sumerians (Mesopotamia) using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.
Sumer
earliest Mesopotamian city state
Hammurabi's Code
first law code in the world, of Babylonia, dealt with legal contracts and responsibility for wrong doing
Cuneiform
A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets
Big Geography
A term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.
venus figurines
paleolithic female figurines that emphasize physical attributes associated with femininity
iron metallurgy
a changeable metal, less hard than bronze, but more flexible, developed around 1500 BCE by the Hittites
Polytheism
Belief in more than one god
Paleolithic
The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.
stone age
the earliest known period of human culture, marked by the creation and use of stone tools and other nonmetallic substances
Babylon
an ancient city of Mesopotamia known for its wealth, luxury, and vice.
patriarchy
the idea that males have a right to rule and reign over states and families
scribe
a person who copies or writes out documents; often a record keeper
Epic of Gilgamesh
epic Mesopotamian poem that highlights the stresses of civilization
Section 2
(18 cards)