Kilo =...
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Last updated
7 months ago
Date created
Jan 20, 2024
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Kilo =...
1000 (10 3)
Shiny, silver metal reacts in air to give a black, grainy coating, a piece of wood burns with a bright flame and produces heat, ashes, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, heating sugar forms a smooth, caramel-colored substance, and iron combines with oxygen to form orange-red rust
Chemical changes
Mixture
A type of matter that consists of
Temperature water boils at
212oF, 100oC, 373 K
Formula for converting from farenheit to celsius
Tf - 32 / 1.8 = Tc
Potential energy is...
energy stored for use at a later time. Ex: PBJ sandwich, a compressed spring, chemical bonds in gasoline, coal, or food
Length is measured in...
Meters (metric + SI)
Condensation is
gas to liquid
Density = ...
Mass of substance / Volume of substance
The kelvin scale has...
Basic length conversions (cm, in)
1 m = 100 cm, 1 m = 39.4 in, 1 m = 1.09 yd, 2.54 cm = 1 in.
The calorie is defined as...
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1oC
To melt water,
H2O9s) + 80. cal/g (or 334 J/g) = H2O(L)
Specific heat formula
heat / grams x change in temperature
Basic volume conversions (ml, qt)
1 L = 1000 mL, 1 L = 1.06 qt, 946 mL = 1 qt
On a heating curve, diagonal lines indicate...
changes in temperature for a physical state
The faster the particles move...
the greater the heat or thermal energy of the substance
Sand in the desert is hot in the day and cool at night.
Sand must have a...
low specific heat
Chemistry is...
the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter.
The heat of fusion is...
Basic mass conversions (kg, g, lb)
1 kg = 1000 g, 1 kg = 2.20 lb, 454 g = 1 lb
How many kcal/g in fat?
9 kcal/g
The estimated number is...
the final number in your measured number.
Heat equation
mass x temperature change x specific heat
Pure substances
have a fixed or definite composition
Nutritionists burn food in a calorimeter that...
Solids have
Temperature water freezes at
32oF, 0oC, 273 K
On the Fahrenheit scale, there are X degrees between the boiling and freezing points of water
180
Energy is measured in...
Centi =...
0.01 (10 -2)
Gas particles are
random and far apart, have no connection, and are very fast
Measured Numbers are...
the numbers obtained when you measure a quantity such as your height, weight, or temperature.
Chemical change
when one occurs, the original substance is turned into one or more new substances with new chemical and physical properties
How many kcal/g in protein?
4 kcal/g
The International System of Units (SI) is...
an official system of measurement used throughout the world for units of length, volume, mass, temperature, and time.
Heat of vaporization for water
H2)(L) + 540 cal/g (or 2260 J/g) = H2O (g)
Elements are...
pure substances that contain only one type of material. ex: copper, Cu, lead, Pb, aluminum, Al
Mass is...
a measure of the quantity of material it contains. measured in pounds (metric) and grams (SI)
Liquid particles are
random but close, have strong interactions, and move moderately fast
Sublimation is..
Solid turning into gas
Formula for converting from celsius to farenheit
Tf = 1.8(Tc) + 32
Volume is...
the space occupied by a substance. measured in Liters (metric) and m3 / cubic meter (SI)
Vaporization is
Liquid to gas
Chemical properties
describe the ability of a substance to change into a new substance
Specific heat is...
Exact numbers are...
Significant Figures are...
Heat is...
the energy associated with the movement of particles
Matter is...
the material that makes up all things and is anything that has mass and occupies space
Physical properties are
Kinetic Energy is...
the energy of motion. Ex: swimming, water flowing over a dam, working out
Specific Gravity (sp gr) is...
= density of sample / density of water
How many kcal/g in carbohydrates?
4 kcal/g
A physical change occurs in a substance if there is...
Homogenous mixture
the composition is uniform throughout and the different parts of the mixture are not visible. ex: soda water, air
The 4 Steps of the Scientific Method
The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat
Deposition is
Gas turning into solid
Liquids have
Heterogeneous mixture
the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another and the different parts of the mixture are visible. ex: blood, shampoo
Gases have
Micro = ...
0.000001 (10 -6)
Solid particles are
fixed and very close, have very strong interactions, and are very slow
Milli = ...
0.001 (10 -3)
Deci = ...
0.1 (10 -1)
When sublimation occurs,
On the Celsius scale, there are X degrees between the boiling and freezing points of water
100
On a heating curve, horizontal lines (plateaus) indicate
changes of state and a constant temperature
Chemicals are...
substances that have the same composition and properties wherever found.
Compound
contains two or more elements in a definite ratio. ex: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), table salt (NaCl), table sugar (C12H22O11), water (H2O)
To freeze water,
H2O(L) = H2)(s) + 80 cal/g (or 334 J/g)
When ocean water cools, the surrounding air
warms
Temperature...
measures how hot or cold something is. measured in degrees Celsius (metric) and kelvin (SI)
Conversion between calories and joules
1 cal = 4.184 J (exact)
Water boils to form water vapor, copper is drawn into thing copper wires, sugar dissolves in water to form a solution, and paper is cut into tiny pieces of confetti
Physical changes