Section 1
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Cards (252)
Section 1
(50 cards)
C3
A particle moves east at constant velocity vr for a time interval ΔT. It then moves north at a constant velocity, with the same speed as before, for another time interval ΔT. Finally it moves east again with the original velocity. At the instant an additional time interval ΔT has elapsed, which of the following are true about the average velocity and the average acceleration for the motion described? a. The average velocity is vr and the average acceleration is zero. b. The average velocity is vr and the average acceleration is not zero. c. The average velocity is not vr and the average acceleration is zero. d. The average velocity is not vr and the average acceleration is not zero.
B2
The slope of the acceleration vs. time curve represents: a. the velocity. b. the rate of change of acceleration. c. the rate of change of displacement. d. the area under the position vs. time curve.
B2
A baseball catcher throws a ball vertically upward and catches it in the same spot when it returns to his mitt. At what point in the ball's path does it experience zero velocity and non-zero acceleration at the same time? a. midway on the way up b. at the top of its trajectory c. the instant it leaves the catcher's hand d. the instant before it arrives in the catcher's mitt
B2
A v vs. t graph is drawn for a ball moving in one direction. The graph starts at the origin and at t = 5 s the acceleration of the ball is zero. We know that at t = 5 s, a. the slope of the curve is non-zero. b. the velocity of the ball is not changing. c. the curve is not crossing the time axis. d. the curve is at v = 0, t = 0.
B2
A change in a physical quantity w having initial value wi and final value wf is given by which of the following? a. wi - wf b. wf - wi c. (wf + wi)/2 d. none of the above
B2
Jeff throws a ball straight up. For which situation is the vertical velocity zero? a. on the way up b. at the top c. on the way back down d. none of the above
D2
An object is dropped from a height. Once it is moving, which of the following statements is true, at least at one point? a. Its velocity is more than its acceleration. b. Its velocity is less than its acceleration. c. Its velocity is the same as its acceleration. d. Its velocity is never equal to its acceleration.
D(1)
Which formula is dimensionally consistent with an expression yielding a value for velocity? (a is acceleration, x is distance, and t is time) a. v/t2 b. vx2 c. v2/t d. at
C2
An object moves 20 m east in 30 s and then returns to its starting point taking an additional 50 s. If west is chosen as the positive direction, what is the sign associated with the average velocity of the object? a. + b. - c. 0 (no sign) d. any of the above
D3
Vectors Ar, Br, and have magnitudes 6, 11, and 20. When these vectors are added, what is the least possible magnitude of their resultant? Cr a. 25 b. 15 c. 2 d. 3
C2
Changing the positive direction in a reference frame to the opposite direction does not change the sign of which of the following quantities? a. velocity b. average velocity c. speed d. displacement
B(1)
Areas always have dimensions ____ while volumes always have dimensions ____. a. m2, m3 b. L2, L3 c. Both a and b are correct. d. No answer is correct because of the "always".
C3
A projectile is fired at an angle of elevation of 60°. Neglecting air resistance, what are possible angles in flight between the acceleration vector and the velocity vector? a. 160° and 40° b. 20° and 70° c. 90° and 60° d. none of the above
B(1)
Note the expression: y = A/x3. Which statement is most consistent with this expression? a. y is less than A b. if x is halved, y is multiplied by eight c. if x is doubled, y is multiplied by a factor of 8 d. y is greater than x
C2
Starting from rest, a car accelerates down a straight road with constant acceleration a for a time t, then the direction of the acceleration is reversed, i.e., it is -a, and the car comes to a stop in an additional time t, the time for the whole trip being 2t. At what time, or times, is the average velocity of the car for the trip equal to its instantaneous velocity during the trip? a. There is no such time. b. It is at the halfway point at t. c. This occurs at 2 times, 0.5 t and 1.5 t. d. This occurs at 2 times, 0.707 t and 1.293 t.
C(1)
The ratio M/m of the prefixes M and m has what value? a. 10^3 b. 10^6 c. 10^9 d. 10^18
C3
Four vectors all have the same magnitude. Vector 1 is at 30°, Vector 2 is at 135°, vector 3 is at 240°, and Vector 4 is at 315°. Which vector has the greatest magnitude x-component and which vector has the greatest magnitude y-component? a. Vector 1, Vector 2 b. Vector 3, Vector 4 c. Vector 1, Vector 3 d. Vector 3, Vector 2
C2
A strobe photograph of a car moving along a straight road shows the interval between each successive image to be diminishing. If the direction of motion of the car is taken as positive, which of the following are negative? a. the speed of the car b. the average velocity of the car c. the average acceleration of the car d. all of the above
D2
In one-dimensional motion where the direction is indicated by a plus or minus sign, the average velocity of an object has which of the following properties? a. It is positive. b. It is negative. c. It is zero. d. It can be positive, negative, or zero.
C2
A strobe photograph shows equally spaced images of a car moving along a straight road. If the time intervals between images is constant, which of the following cannot be positive? a. the speed of the car b. the average velocity of the car c. the acceleration of the car d. the direction of motion of the car
A2
If the displacement of an object is given in SI units by Δx = -3 t + 4 t 2, at t = 2 s its velocity and acceleration are, respectively: a. positive, positive. b. positive, negative. c. negative, negative. d. negative, positive.
C2
In the case of constant acceleration, the average velocity equals the instantaneous velocity: a. at the beginning of the time interval. b. at the end of the time interval. c. half-way through the time interval. d. three-fourths of the way through the time interval.
C2
A ball rolls down an incline, starting from rest. If the total time it takes to reach the end of the incline is T, how much time has elapsed when it is halfway down the incline? a. 0.5 T b. < 0.5 T c. > 0.5 T d. More information is needed.
C(1)
If a is acceleration, v is velocity, x is position, and t is time, then which equation is not dimensionally correct? a. t = x/v b. a = v2/x c. v = a/t d. t^2 = 2x/a
C(1)
In mechanics, physicists use three basic quantities to derive additional quantities. Mass is one of the three quantities. What are the other two? a. length and force b. power and force c. length and time d. force and time
C(2)
A ball of relatively low density is thrown upwards. Because of air resistance the acceleration while traveling upwards is -10.8 m/s2. On its trip downward the resistance is in the opposite direction and the resulting acceleration is -8.8 m/s2. When the ball reaches the level from which it was thrown, how does its speed compare to that with which it was thrown? a. It is greater than the original speed upward. b. It is the same as the original speed upward. c. It is less than the original speed upward. d. Without knowing the original speed, this problem cannot be solved.
B2
Two objects of different mass are released simultaneously from the top of a 20-m tower and fall to the ground. If air resistance is negligible, which statement best applies? a. The greater mass hits the ground first. b. Both objects hit the ground together. c. The smaller mass hits the ground first. d. No conclusion can be made with the information given.
A(1)
Which expression is dimensionally consistent with an expression that would yield a value for time−1?(v is velocity, x is distance, and t is time) a. v/x b. v2/x c. x/t d. v2t
B(chpt1)
A room in a house has a floor area of 120 ft2. Which of the following is most likely the approximate volume of the room? a. 3 m3 b. 30 m3 c. 300 m3 d. 3 000 m3
A2
In one-dimensional motion, the average speed of an object that moves from one place to another and then back to its original place has which of the following properties? a. It is positive. b. It is negative. c. It is zero. d. It can be positive, negative, or zero.
D(2)
Starting from rest, a car accelerates down a straight road with constant acceleration a1 for a time t1, then the acceleration is changed to a different constant value a2 for an additional time t2. The total elapsed time is t1 + t2. Can the equations of kinematics be used to find the total distance traveled? a. No, because this is not a case of constant acceleration. b. Yes, use (a1 + a2)/2 as the average acceleration and the total time in the calculation. c. Yes, use a1 + a2 as the acceleration and the average time (t1 + t2)/2 in the calculation. d. Yes, break the problem up into 2 problems, one with the conditions for the first time interval and the other with the conditions for the second time interval, noting that for the second time interval the initial velocity is that from the end of the first time interval. When done, add the distances from each of the time intervals.
C(1)
The speed of a boat is often given in knots. If a speed of 5 knots were expressed in the SI system of units, the units would be: a. m. b. s. c. m/s. d. kg/s.
D(1)
Note the expression: y = x2. Which statement is most consistent with this expression? a. if y doubles, then x quadruples b. y is greater than x c. if x doubles, then y doubles d. if x doubles, then y quadruples
B2
On a position versus time graph, the slope of the straight line joining two points on the plotted curve that are separated in time by the interval Δt, is which of the following quantities? a. average steepness b. average velocity c. instantaneous velocity d. average acceleration
D2
In which of the following cases is the displacement's magnitude half the distance traveled? a. 10 steps east followed by 3 steps west b. 22 steps east followed by 11 steps west c. 5 steps east followed by 10 steps west d. 15 steps east followed by 5 steps west
D2
The value of an object's acceleration may be characterized in equivalent words by which of the following? a. displacement b. rate of change of displacement c. velocity d. rate of change of velocity
B2
An x vs. t graph is drawn for a ball moving in one direction. The graph starts at the origin and at t = 5 s the velocity of the ball is zero. We can be positive that at t = 5 s, a. the slope of the curve is non-zero. b. the ball has stopped. c. the acceleration is constant. d. the curve is at x = 0, t = 0.
D(1)
36. Which point is nearest the x-axis? a. (−3, 4) b. (4, 5) c. (−5, 3) d. (5, −2)
A2
Which of the following is not a vector quantity? a. temperature b. velocity c. acceleration d. displacement
C(1)
Suppose an equation relating position, x, to time, t, is given by x = b t3 + c t4, where b and c are constants. The dimensions of b and c are respectively: a. T3, T4. b. 1/T3, 1/T4. c. L/T3, L/T4. d. L2⋅T3, L2⋅T4.
A(chpt2)
When SI units are plugged into an equation, it is found that the units balance. Which of the following can we expect to be true for this equation? a. The equation will be dimensionally correct. b. The equation will be dimensionally correct except sometimes in cases when the right hand side of the equation has more than one term. c. The equation will not be dimensionally correct. d. All constants of proportionality will be correct.
B(1)
There are other ways of expressing uncertainty besides significant figures. For example, suppose a quantity is known to have a value between 20.4 and 20.0 and our best estimate of the value is midrange at 20.2. We could write the number as 20.2 +/- 0.2 and say that the number has a 1% uncertainty. We would also say it has 3 significant figures. If we square a number with 1% uncertainty (i.e., 2 parts in about 200) and 3 significant figures, what results? a. A number with 1% uncertainty and 3 significant figures. b. A number with 2% uncertainty and 3 significant figures. c. A number with 2% uncertainty and 2 significant figures. d. A number with 1% uncertainty and 2 significant figures.
B(chpt1)
How long has it been that scientists have accepted that the nucleus of the atom consists of neutrons and protons? Think of your answers in terms of order of magnitude. a. about a decade b. about a century c. about a thousand years d. since Aristotle
C(1)
The prefixes which are abbreviated p, n, and G represent which of the following? a. 10-2, 10-6, and 1015 b. 10-9, 106, and 1010 c. 10-12, 10-9, and 109 d. 10-15, 10-6, and 1012
A3
Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity? a. velocity b. temperature c. volume d. mass
A2
Displacement is which of the following types of quantities? a. vector b. scalar c. magnitude d. dimensional
C(1)
If the displacement of an object, x, is related to velocity, v, according to the relation x = Av, the constant, A, has the dimension of which of the following? a. acceleration b. length c. time d. area
B3
Vector 1 is 7 units long and is at 70°. Vector 2 is 5 units long and is at 225°. Vector 3 is 3 units long and is at 150°. Which vector has equal magnitude components? a. Vector 1 b. Vector 2 c. Vector 3 d. None of the vectors has equal magnitude components.
B3
Which type of quantity is characterized by both magnitude and direction? a. scalar b. vector c. trigonometric d. algebraic variable
C(chpt1)
Consider the sine of any angle between 30° and 40°. If the angle were doubled, what would happen to the sine of the angle? a. It would double. b. It would more than double. c. It would increase but be less than double. d. In different cases, it could do any of the above.
Section 2
(50 cards)
B
What condition must apply to a system's state of motion for it to be regarded as an inertial frame of reference? a. in decreasing velocity b. in constant velocity c. in constant acceleration d. in increasing acceleration
B3
A boat moves through the water in a river at a speed of 8 m/s relative to the water. The boat makes a trip downstream and then makes a return trip upstream to the original starting place. Which trip takes longer? a. the downstream trip b. the upstream trip c. Both trips take the same amount of time. d. The answer cannot be figured without knowing the speed of the river flow
C
Three different mass projectiles are launched from the top of a building each at different angles of elevation. Each particle has the same initial kinetic energy. Which particle has the greatest speed just as it impacts with the ground? a. The one launched at the highest angle of elevation. b. The one with the highest mass. c. The one with the lowest mass. d. They all will have the same speed on impact.
B3
A plane is moving due north, directly towards its destination. Its airspeed is 200 mph. A constant breeze is blowing from west to east at 40 mph. How long will it take for the plane to travel 200 miles north? a. one hour b. more than one hour c. less than one hour d. more information is needed
C
As a car skids with its wheels locked trying to stop on a road covered with ice and snow, the force of friction between the icy road and the tires will usually be: a. greater than the normal force of the road times the coefficient of static friction. b. equal to the normal force of the road times the coefficient of static friction. c. less than the normal force of the road times the coefficient of static friction. d. greater than the normal force of the road times the coefficient of kinetic friction.
B3
A runner circles a track of radius 100 m one time in 100 s at a constant rate. The greatest change in his velocity from his starting velocity: a. occurs one-fourth of the way around the track. b. occurs one-half of the way around the track. c. occurs three-fourths of the way around the track. d. Both a and c are correct.
C3
A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is caught (on the fly at an equal shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point is the ball's speed at a minimum? (air resistance is negligible) a. just after leaving the center fielder's hand b. just before arriving at the catcher's mitt c. at the top of the trajectory d. speed is constant during entire trajectory
D4
The net force on an object is in the positive x-direction. Consider the following statements. (i) The object can be moving in the negative x-direction. (ii) The object can be speeding up. (iii) The object can be slowing down. (iv) The object can be moving in the positive y-direction. Which of the statements are true? a. (i) and (ii) b. (ii) and (iii) c. (iii) and (iv) d. Choose this answer if all the statements are true.
B4
An object weighs 100 N. If the gravitational constant G were half of what it is currently, what would the weight of the object be? a. 100 N b. 50 N c. 25 N d. 200 N
B
Three different mass projectiles are launched from the top of a building each at different angles of elevation. Each particle has the same initial kinetic energy. Which particle has the greatest kinetic energy just as it impacts with the ground? a. The one launched at the highest angle of elevation. b. The one with the highest mass. c. The one with the lowest mass. d. They all will have the same kinetic energy on impact.
C
The statement by Newton that "for every action there is an opposite but equal reaction" is regarded as which of his laws of motion? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
C
It is late and Carlos is sliding down a rope from his third floor window to meet his friend Juan. As he slides down the rope faster and faster, he becomes frightened and grabs harder on the rope, increasing the tension in the rope. As soon as the upward tension in the rope becomes equal to his weight: a. Carlos will stop. b. Carlos will slow down. c. Carlos will continue down at a constant velocity. d. the rope must break.
C4
A crate of weight W is being pushed across a horizontal surface by a force directed at an angle of 20° below the horizontal. What is the magnitude of the normal force on the crate? a. It is less than W. b. It equals W. c. It is more than W. d. None of the above since the coefficient of kinetic friction is not given.
A3
In a 2-dimensional Cartesian system, the x-component of a vector is known, and the angle between vector and x-axis is known. Which operation is used to calculate the magnitude of the vector? (taken with respect to the x-component) a. dividing by cosine b. dividing by sine c. multiplying by cosine d. multiplying by sine
B
A thrown stone hits a window, but doesn't break it. Instead it reverses direction and ends up on the ground below the window. In this case, we know: a. the force of the stone on the glass > the force of the glass on the stone. b. the force of the stone on the glass = the force of the glass on the stone. c. the force of the stone on the glass < the force of the glass on the stone. d. the stone didn't slow down as it broke the glass.
B
Two objects, A and B, are placed on an inclined plane that can be rotated to different angles of elevation. A starts to slide at twice the angle of elevation that B starts sliding. The respective coefficients for static friction for A and B are μA and μB. Choose the last answer that is correct. a. μB > μA b. μA > μB c. μB = 2 μA d. μA = 2 μB
B3
Vector Ar points north and vector Br points east. If Cr = Br - Ar, then vector C points: r a. north of east. b. south of east. c. north of west. d. south of west
C4
Five boxes, each having weight 100 N, are stacked up. The bottom box is the fifth from the top. What is the magnitude of the normal force upward exerted by the fourth box from the top on the third box from the top? a. 100 N b. 200 N c. 300 N d. 400 N
B3
An object, initially moving in the negative x-direction, is subjected to a change in velocity in the positive y-direction. If the resulting velocity vector is drawn from the origin, into which quadrant does this vector point? a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd d. None, since the object is now moving in the y-direction.
D3
A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is caught (on the fly at shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point is the magnitude of the acceleration at a minimum? (air resistance is negligible) a. just after leaving the center fielder's hand b. just before arriving at the catcher's mitt c. at the top of the trajectory d. acceleration is constant during entire trajectory
A
If we know an object is moving at constant velocity, we may assume: a. the net force acting on the object is zero. b. there are no forces acting on the object. c. the object is accelerating. d. the object is losing mass.
D
As I slide a box at constant speed up a frictionless slope, pulling parallel to the slope, the tension in the rope will be: a. greater than the tension would be if the box were stationary. b. greater than the weight of the box. c. equal to the weight of the box. d. less than the weight of the box.
C
In the terminology a 500-N block, the 500-N refers to the block's: a. mass. b. force. c. weight. d. None of the above.
D
As a car moves forward on a level road at constant velocity, the net force acting on the tires is: a. greater than the normal force times the coefficient of static friction. b. equal to the normal force times the coefficient of static friction. c. the normal force times the coefficient of kinetic friction. d. zero.
D
Which of the following is an example of the type of force that acts at a distance? a. gravitational b. magnetic c. electrical d. all of the above
D
The work done by static friction can be: a. positive. b. negative. c. zero. d. Any of the above
C
As a car goes up a hill, there is a force of friction between the road and the tires rolling on the road. The maximum force of friction is equal to: a. the weight of the car times the coefficient of kinetic friction. b. the normal force of the road times the coefficient of kinetic friction. c. the normal force of the road times the coefficient of static friction. d. zero.
A
As a basketball player starts to jump for a rebound, he begins to move upward faster and faster until he leaves the floor. During this time that he is in contact with the floor, the force of the floor on his shoes is: a. bigger than his weight. b. equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to his weight. c. less than his weight. d. zero
D
The maximum possible value for the coefficient of static friction is: a. 0.50. b. 1.00. c. a value up to but not quite 1.00. d. greater than 1.00.
B3
In a 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system the x-component of a given vector is equal to that vector's magnitude multiplied by which trigonometric function, with respect to the angle between vector and x-axis? a. sine b. cosine c. tangent d. cotangent
C
Which of the following is an example of a nonconservative force? a. gravity b. magnetism c. friction d. Both choices A and B are valid.
D3
Two projectiles are launched at 100 m/s, the angle of elevation for the first being 30° and for the second 60°. Which of the following statements is false? a. Both projectiles have the same acceleration while in flight. b. The second projectile has the lower speed at maximum altitude. c. Both projectiles have the same range. d. All of the above statements are false.
D3
A hiker walks 200 m west and then walks 100 m north. In what direction is her resulting displacement? a. north b. west c. northwest d. None of th e answers is correct.
C
If we know that a nonzero net force is acting on an object, which of the following must we assume regarding the object's condition? The object is: a. at rest. b. moving with a constant velocity. c. being accelerated. d. losing mass.
C
A block is launched up an incline plane. After going up the plane, it slides back down to its starting position. The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is 0.3. The time for the trip up the plane: a. is the same as the time for the trip down. b. is more than the time for the trip down. c. is less than the time for the trip down. d. cannot be found without knowing the angle of inclination.
D5
In a problem using energy considerations to solve for the speed of a ball thrown from the top of a building when it strikes the ground below, where should the potential energy have its zero value? a. It should be at the level from where the ball is thrown. b. It should be at the ground level where the ball hits. c. It should be slightly below ground level so the potential energy is always positive. d. It doesn't matter since only differences in potential energy matter in solutions.
C3
A baseball is thrown by the center fielder (from shoulder level) to home plate where it is caught (on the fly at shoulder level) by the catcher. At what point does the magnitude of the vertical component of velocity have its minimum value? (air resistance is negligible) a. just after leaving the center fielder's hand b. just before arriving at the catcher's mitt c. at the top of the trajectory d. magnitude of vertical component of velocity is constant
C
A block is projected with speed v across a horizontal surface and slides to a stop due to friction. The same block is then projected with the same speed v up an incline where is slides to a stop due to friction. In which case did the total mechanical energy of the block decrease the least? a. This problem cannot be solved since it was not indicated whether the horizontal surface and the incline both had the same coefficient of kinetic friction. b. The case on the horizontal surface had the least decrease in total mechanical energy. c. The case on the inclined surface had the least decrease in total mechanical energy. d. In both cases the decrease in mechanical energy was the same.
D
The unit of work, joule, is dimensionally the same as: a. newton/second. b. newton/kilogram. c. newton-second. d. newton-meter.
C4
A box of mass m is placed on an incline with angle of inclination θ. The box does not slide. The magnitude of the frictional force in this case is: a. μs mg sin θ. b. mg cos θ. c. mg sin θ. d. not given.
B4
A box is to be moved across a level surface. A force of magnitude 200 N may be applied at an angle of 30° below the horizontal to push the box or at an angle of 30° above the horizontal to pull the box, either application sufficient to overcome friction and move the box. Which application will cause the box to have the greater acceleration? a. the one below the horizontal b. the one above the horizontal c. both give equal acceleration d. more information is needed
D
Is it possible for the total mechanical energy of a moving particle to be negative? a. No, because a moving particle has positive kinetic energy. b. No, because potential energy cannot have a value more negative than the value of the positive kinetic energy of the particle. c. Only if friction is involved. d. yes
B3
In a 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system the y-component of a given vector is equal to that vector's magnitude multiplied by which trigonometric function, with respect to the angle between vector and y-axis? a. sine b. cosine c. tangent d. cotangent
C3
When three vectors are added graphically and form a closed triangle, the largest enclosed angle between any two of the vectors cannot be greater than: a. 60°. b. 90°. c. 180°°. d. No maximum exists.
C3
When we add a displacement vector to another displacement vector, the result is: a. a velocity. b. an acceleration. c. another displacement. d. a scalar
C
Which of the following expresses a principle, which was initially stated by Galileo and was later incorporated into Newton's laws of motion? a. An object's acceleration is inversely proportional to its mass. b. For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction. c. The natural condition for a moving object is to remain in motion. d. The natural condition for a moving object is to come to rest.
D3
A car is initially moving at 20 m/s east and a little while later it is moving at 10 m/s north. Which of the following best describes the orientation of the average acceleration during this time interval? a. northeast b. northwest c. west d. north of west
B
A block is launched up an incline plane. After going up the plane, it slides back down to its starting position. The coefficient of friction between the block and the plane is 0.3. The speed of the block when it reaches the starting position on the trip down: a. is the same as the launching speed. b. is less than the launching speed. c. is more than the launching speed. d. cannot be compared to the launch speed with the information given.
B3
An object moves at a constant velocity of 11 m/s to the southwest for an interval of 20 s. Halfway through this interval, what is the magnitude of its instantaneous velocity? a. It can be any value from 0 to 22 m/s. b. 11 m/s c. 5.5 m/s d. More information is needed.
A3
When we subtract a velocity vector from another velocity vector, the result is: a. another velocity. b. an acceleration. c. a displacement. d. a scalar
Section 3
(50 cards)
D
Three satellites are launched into space connected together. Once in deep space, an explosive charge separates the three satellites and they move apart. The satellites each have different masses with m1 < m2 < m3. Which of the following statements is always true? a. The one with mass m1 receives the greatest impulse. b. The one with mass m3 receives the greatest impulse. c. The all must receive equal impulses. d. Although one or more of the above statements could be true in special cases, they are not always true.
C
In an automobile collision, how does an airbag lessen the blow to the passenger? Assume as a result of the collision, the passenger stops. a. The air bag decreases the momentum change of the passenger in the collision. b. During the collision, the force from the air bag is greater than would be the force from the windshield or dashboard so the passenger cannot hit the hard objects. c. The stopping impulse is the same for either the hard objects or the airbag. Unlike the windshield or dashboard, the air bag gives some increasing the time for the slowing process and thus decreasing the average force on the passenger. d. The airbag is there to insure the seatbelt holds.
C
The SI units for k, the spring constant, are equivalent to: a. J. b. J / N. c. kg / s2. d. None of the above.
A
A 5-kg object is moving to the right at 4 m/s and collides with a 4-kg object moving to the left at 5 m/s. The objects collide and stick together. After the collision, the combined object: a. has the same kinetic energy that the system had before the collision. b. has more kinetic energy than the system had before the collision. c. has no kinetic energy. d. has less momentum than the system had before the collision.
B
In a two-body collision, if the kinetic energy of the system is conserved, then which of the following best describes the momentum after the collision? a. must be less b. must also be conserved c. may also be conserved d. is doubled in value
B
In a partially elastic collision between two objects with unequal mass: a. the velocity of one will increase by the amount that the velocity of the other decreases. b. the momentum of one will increase by the amount that the momentum of the other decreases. c. the energy of one increases by the amount that the energy of the other decreases. d. the total momentum of the system will decrease.
B
As an object is lowered into a deep hole in the surface of the earth, which of the following must be assumed in regard to its potential energy? a. increase b. decrease c. remain constant d. cannot tell from the information given
B
A force of 5.0 N is applied to a 20-kg mass on a horizontal frictionless surface. As the speed of the mass increases at a constant acceleration, the power delivered to it by the force: a. remains the same. b. increases. c. decreases. d. doubles every 4.0 seconds.
D6
Two masses collide and stick together. Before the collision one of the masses was at rest. Is there a situation in which the kinetic energy is conserved in such a collision? a. Yes, if the less massive particle is the one initially at rest. b. Yes, if the more massive particle is the one initially at rest. c. Yes, if the two particles have the same mass. d. No, kinetic energy is always lost is such a collision.
C
A valid unit for momentum is which of the following? a. kg⋅m/s2 b. kg/m2 c. kg⋅m/s d. N⋅m
D
When an object is dropped from a tower, what is the effect of the air resistance as it falls? a. does positive work b. increases the object's kinetic energy c. increases the object's potential energy d. None of the above choices are valid.
A
A billiard ball is moving in the x-direction at 30.0 cm/s and strikes another billiard ball moving in the y-direction at 40.0 cm/s. As a result of the collision, the first ball moves at 50.0 cm/s, and the second ball stops. What is the change in kinetic energy of the system as a result of the collision? a. 0 b. some positive value c. some negative value d. No answer above is correct.
D
A 5-kg object is moving to the right at 4 m/s and collides with another object moving to the left at 5 m/s. The objects collide and stick together. After the collision, the combined object: a. is moving to the right. b. is moving to the left. c. is at rest. d. has less kinetic energy than the system had before the collision.
B
The unit of power, watt, is dimensionally the same as: a. joule-second. b. joule/second. c. joule-meter. d. joule/meter.
C
25. A moderate force will break an egg. However, an egg dropped on the road usually breaks, while one dropped on the grass usually doesn't break. This is because for the egg dropped on the grass: a. the change in momentum is greater. b. the change in momentum is less. c. the time interval for stopping is greater. d. the time interval for stopping is less.
B
A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a particle of mass m vertically to a height h above its starting position. Under double the compression, the spring is now used to launch a particle of mass 2 m. How high does the second mass rise above its starting position? a. h b. 2 h c. 3 h d. 4 h
D
If during a given physical process the only force acting on an object is friction, which of the following must be assumed in regard to the object's kinetic energy? a. decreases b. increases c. remains constant d. cannot tell from the information given
A
The dimensional equivalent of the quantity impulse in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is which of the following? a. MLT−1 b. ML2T−2 c. MLT d. MLT−
D6
Two particles collide, one of them initially being at rest. Is it possible for both particles to be at rest after the collision? a. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, then this happens. b. If the collision is elastic, then this happens. c. This can happen sometimes if the more massive particle was at rest. d. No.
D
Kaitlin uses a bat to hit a thrown baseball. She knocks the ball back in the direction from which it came in a partially inelastic collision. The bat, which is heavier than the baseball, continues to move in the same direction after the hit as Kaitlin "follows through." Is the ball moving faster before or after it was hit? a. The ball was moving faster before it was hit. b. The ball was moving faster after it was hit. c. The ball was moving at essentially the same speed before and after the hit. d. There is insufficient information to answer this problem.
C
Two blocks are released from the top of a building. One falls straight down while the other slides down a smooth ramp. If all friction is ignored, which one is moving faster when it reaches the bottom? a. The block that went straight down. b. The block that went down the ramp. c. They both will have the same speed. d. Insufficient information to work the problem.
D
A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m vertically to a height h above its starting position. Under double the compression, the spring is now used to launch the mass. How high does the mass now rise above its starting position? a. 2 h b. 1.41 h c. 3 h d. 4 h
D
If the momentum of an object is tripled, its kinetic energy will change by what factor? a. zero b. one-third c. three d. nine
A
If a two-body collision is not head-on, then we may always assume that: a. momentum is conserved. b. kinetic energy is conserved. c. neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved. d. both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
C
Two masses m1 and m2, with m1 < m2, have momenta with equal magnitudes. How do their kinetic energies compare? a. KE1 < KE2 b. KE1 = KE2 c. KE1 > KE2 d. More information is needed.
C
Object 1 has twice the mass of Object 2. Each of the objects has the same magnitude of momentum. Which of the following statements is true? a. Both objects can have the same kinetic energy. b. One object has 0.707 times the kinetic energy of the other. c. One object has twice the kinetic energy of the other. d. One object has 4 times the kinetic energy of the other.
B
A billiard ball is moving in the x-direction at 30.0 cm/s and strikes another billiard ball moving in the y-direction at 40.0 cm/s. As a result of the collision, the first ball moves at 50.0 cm/s, and the second ball stops. In what final direction does the first ball move? a. in the x-direction b. at an angle of 53.1° ccw from the x-direction c. at an angle of 45.0° ccw from the x-direction d. Such a collision cannot happen.
C5
The area under the force vs. displacement curve represents: a. area. b. force. c. work. d. coefficient of static friction.
C
The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent to its change in: a. velocity. b. kinetic energy. c. momentum. d. None of the above choices are valid.
C
A tennis ball is held above and in contact with a basketball, and then both are simultaneously dropped. The tennis ball bounces off the basketball at a fairly high speed. This is because: a. the basketball falls farther than the tennis ball. b. the tennis ball is slightly shielded from the Earth's gravitational pull. c. the massive basketball transfers momentum to the lighter tennis ball. d. the tennis ball has a smaller radius.
C
A billiard ball collides in an elastic head-on collision with a second stationary identical ball. After the collision which of the following conditions applies to the first ball? a. maintains the same velocity as before b. has one half its initial velocity c. comes to rest d. moves in the opposite direction
A
Two objects, one less massive than the other, collide elastically and bounce back after the collision. If the two originally had velocities that were equal in size but opposite in direction, then which one will be moving faster after the collision? a. The less massive one. b. The more massive one. c. The speeds will be the same after the collision. d. There is no way to be sure without the actual masses.
D
Which of the following is that form of energy associated with an object's motion? a. potential b. thermal c. bio-chemical d. kinetic
A
The dimensional equivalence of the quantity "momentum" in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is: a. MLT−1. b. ML2T−2. c. MLT. d. MLT−2.
B
Object 1 has twice the mass of Object 2. Both objects have the same kinetic energy. Which of the following statements is true? a. Both objects can have the same magnitude of momentum. b. Object 1 has a momentum of greater magnitude than Object 2. c. The magnitude of the momentum of Object 2 is four times that of Object 1. d. All the statements are false.
A
Which of the following is that form of energy associated with an object's location in a conservative force field? a. potential b. thermal c. bio-chemical d. kinetic
B
A Hooke's law spring is compressed a distance d and is used to launch a mass m vertically to a height h above its starting position. Under the same compression d, the spring is now used to launch a mass of 2m. How high does this second mass rise? a. h b. h/2 c. h/1.41 d. h/4
C
If a glass of water is on a table with a piece of paper under it, it is relatively easy to pull the paper out without disturbing the glass very much if the pull is done very quickly. This is because, with a quick pull: a. the force on the glass will be less. b. the momentum of the paper will be greater. c. the time for the pull will be less. d. the coefficient of kinetic friction will be less.
B
The kinetic energy of an object is quadrupled. Its momentum will change by what factor? a. zero b. two c. eight d. four
D
The rate at which work is done is equivalent to which of the following? a. increase in potential energy b. thermal energy c. potential energy d. power
C
The quantity of work equal to one joule is also equivalent to which of the following? a. watt b. watt /s c. watt ⋅ s d. watt /s2
B
In a system with two moving objects, when a collision occurs between the objects: a. the total kinetic energy is always conserved. b. the total momentum is always conserved. c. the total kinetic energy and total momentum are always conserved. d. neither the kinetic energy nor the momentum is conserved.
C
The units of impulse are equivalent to: a. those of energy. b. N⋅m. c. kg⋅m/s. d. those of force.
A
A billiard ball collides in an elastic head-on collision with a second identical ball. What is the kinetic energy of the system after the collision compared to that before collision? a. the same as b. one fourth c. twice d. four times
A
A 70-kg man is standing in a 20-kg boat. The man steps to the right thinking he is stepping out onto the dock. However, the following will actually happen (ignore the friction of the water or air on the boat or the man): a. The man only moves a short distance to the right while the boat moves a larger distance to the left. b. The man actually stays still while the boat moves toward the left. c. The boat doesn't move and the man moves to the right. d. None of the above.
D
The law of conservation of momentum is applicable to systems made up of objects described by which of the following? a. macroscopic b. microscopic c. interacting through friction d. All the above choices are valid.
C
In a two-body collision, if the momentum of the system is conserved, then which of the following best describes the kinetic energy after the collision? a. must be less b. must also be conserved c. may also be conserved d. is doubled in value
D
Two masses m1 and m2, with m1 = 3 m2, undergo a head-on elastic collision. If the particles were approaching with speed v before the collision, with what speed are they moving apart after collision? a. 3 v b. v/3 c. 3v/4 d. v
B
A lump of clay is thrown at a wall. A rubber ball of identical mass is thrown with the same speed toward the same wall. Which statement is true? a. The clay experiences a greater change in momentum than the ball. b. The ball experiences a greater change in momentum than the clay. c. The clay and the ball experience the same change in momentum. d. It is not possible to know which object has the greater change in momentum.
D
An object of mass m moving at speed v0 strikes an object of mass 2m which had been at rest. The first object bounces backward along its initial path at speed v0. Is this collision elastic, and if not, what is the change in kinetic energy of the system? a. The collision is elastic. b. The kinetic energy decreases by mv2. c. The kinetic energy decreases by ½mv2. d. The kinetic energy increases by mv2.
Section 4
(50 cards)
B
Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel turns about a fixed axis, neither speeding up nor slowing down. Compare the linear and angular velocities of the point. a. Both are constant. b. Only the angular velocity is constant. c. Only the linear velocity is constant. d. Neither is constant.
C
When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure in this region compare to the pressure in an unconstricted region adjacent? a. Since this is a closed system, the pressure is the same in both regions. b. In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region resulting in an increased pressure. c. In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region resulting in a decreased pressure. d. In the constricted region the blood moves at a lower speed than in the unconstricted region resulting in an increased pressure.
D
At an altitude of 4 times the radius of the earth, the acceleration due to gravity is a. g/2. b. g/4. c. g/16. d. not given
B
Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures? a. liquid b. plasma c. gas d. solid
B
Two spheres, one with the center core up to r = R/2 hollow and the other solid, have the same mass M and same outer radius R. If they are both rolling at the same linear speed, which one has the greater kinetic energy? a. The both have the same kinetic energy. b. The hollow one has the greater kinetic energy. c. The solid one has the greater kinetic energy. d. More information is needed to choose an answer.
C
The quantity "moment of inertia" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass, length, and time) is equivalent to: a. ML2T−2. b. ML. c. ML2. d. ML−1T−2.
A
Consider a point on a bicycle tire that is momentarily in contact with the ground as the bicycle rolls across the ground with constant speed. The direction for the acceleration for this point at that moment is: a. upward. b. down toward the ground. c. forward. d. at that moment the acceleration is zero.
A
Two objects are in circular orbits of different radii around the Sun. Which object has the highest orbital speed? a. The one closest to the Sun. b. The one farthest from the Sun. c. Once in orbit around the Sun, all objects have the same orbital speed regardless of distance from the Sun. It is the greater radius and greater resulting circumference that causes the object farther from the Sun to take longer to complete an orbit. d. This cannot be found without knowing the relative masses of the objects.
A
A wheel is rotated about a horizontal axle at a constant angular speed. Next it is rotated in the opposite direction with the same angular speed. The acceleration at a point on the top of the wheel in the second case as compared to the acceleration in the first case: a. is in the same direction. b. is in the opposite direction. c. is upward. d. is tangential to the wheel.
C
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit. Compare the motion of the satellite at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At these two points: a. the tangential velocities are the same. b. the angular velocities are the same. c. the angular momenta are the same. d. the kinetic energies are the same.
B
Which of the following best describes the property of the period of orbital revolution for an Earth satellite? a. greater when the orbital radius is smaller b. greater when the orbital radius is larger c. independent of the orbital radius d. determined mainly by the satellite's mass
A9
A container is filled with water and the pressure at the container bottom is P. If the container is instead filled with oil having specific gravity 0.80, what new bottom pressure results? a. a pressure < P b. the same pressure P c. a pressure > P d. This is unable to be determined with the information given.
B
67. A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then pulls her arms in close to her body. Which of the following results? a. a smaller rotational rate b. a greater rotational rate c. a greater angular momentum d. a smaller angular momentum
C
An ice cube with a small solid steel sphere frozen inside floats in a glass of water filled to the brim. What happens to the level of water in the glass as a result of the ice melting? a. It goes up, overflowing. b. It stays the same. c. It goes down. d. It depends on air pressure, thus the answer is indeterminate.
A
At what location does an artificial Earth satellite in elliptical orbit have its greatest speed? a. nearest the Earth b. farthest from the Earth c. between Earth and Moon d. between Earth and Sun
C
Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel makes exactly four complete revolutions about a fixed axis. Compare the linear and angular displacement of the point. a. Both are zero. b. Only the angular displacement is zero. c. Only the linear displacement is zero. d. Neither is zero.
A
At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported to the height h = 0.76 m. The density of mercury is . A barometer of similar design filled with water would support a column of water how high at a pressure of 1 atmosphere? 33m/kg106.13× a. more than ten times h b. about 1.36 h c. less than one tenth h d. the same height h
B
A solid disk of radius R rolls down an incline in time T. The center of the disk is removed up to a radius of R/2. The remaining portion of the disk with its center gone is again rolled down the same incline. The time it takes is: a. T. b. more than T. c. less than T. d. requires more information than given in the problem to figure out.
B
The quantity "angular momentum" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass, length, and time) is equivalent to: a. MLT−2. b. ML2T−1. c. ML2T−3. d. ML3T.
D
A box slides down a frictionless incline, and a hoop rolls down another incline. Both inclines have the same height, and both the box and the hoop have the same mass. If both objects start from rest, upon reaching the bottom of the incline which one will have the greater kinetic energy and which one will have the greater speed? a. The box will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed. b. The hoop will have both the greater kinetic energy and the greater speed. c. Both will have the same kinetic energy but the hoop will have the greater speed. d. Both will have the same kinetic energy but the box will have the greater speed.
C
An asteroid is in orbit at 4 times the earth's distance from the Sun. What is its period of revolution? a. one fourth year b. 4 years c. 8 years d. 16 years
B
According to Newton's second law, the angular acceleration experienced by an object is directly proportional to: a. its moment of inertia. b. the net applied torque. c. the object's size. d. choices a and b above are both valid.
C
For a point on a spinning disc in uniform circular motion, which of the following is not constant? a. Its angular speed. b. Its angular acceleration. c. Its centripetal acceleration. d. The magnitude of its total acceleration.
C
67. When a collision is perfectly inelastic, then: a. all the kinetic energy is conserved. b. all the kinetic energy is gone. c. the participants stick together. d. the total momentum is zero.
C
The total kinetic energy of a baseball thrown with a spinning motion is a function of: a. its linear speed but not rotational speed. b. its rotational speed but not linear speed. c. both linear and rotational speeds. d. neither linear nor rotational speed.
A
According to Kepler's second law, Halley's Comet circles the Sun in an elliptical path with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. What is at the other focus of the ellipse? a. nothing b. the Earth c. The comet itself passes through the other focus. d. The tail of the comet stays at the other ellipse.
D
A rod of length L is pivoted about its left end and has a force F applied perpendicular to the other end. The force F is now removed and another force F' is applied at the midpoint of the rod. If F' is at an angle of 30° with respect to the rod, what is its magnitude if the resulting torque is the same as when F was applied? a. F b. 2F c. 3F d. 4F
D8
The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit. Compare the motion at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At the point closest to the Earth: a. the angular speed will be greatest although the linear speed will be the same. b. the speed will be greatest although the angular speed will be the same. c. the kinetic energy and angular momentum will both be greater. d. None of the above.
A
Of the nine known planets in our solar system, the innermost is Mercury. When compared to the other planets in the system, Mercury has the: a. greatest centripetal acceleration. b. greatest period of revolution. c. smallest angular velocity. d. smallest tangential velocity.
B
In order for a satellite to be geosynchronous, its orbit must: a. go over the North and South Poles. b. be over the equator. c. be over a single longitude. d. emit television signals
B
Consider a point on a bicycle wheel as the wheel turns about a fixed axis, neither speeding up nor slowing down. Compare the linear and angular accelerations of the point. a. Both are zero. b. Only the angular acceleration is zero. c. Only the linear acceleration is zero. d. Neither is zero.
A
An artificial Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit has its greatest centripetal acceleration when it is at what location? a. nearest the Earth b. farthest from the Earth c. between Earth and Moon d. between Earth and Sun
B
If a net torque is applied to an object, that object will experience: a. a constant angular speed. b. an angular acceleration. c. a constant moment of inertia. d. an increasing moment of inertia.
C7
Doubling the mean distance from the Sun results in changing the orbital period of revolution by what factor? a. 21/2 b. 2 c. 23/2 d. 22
D
A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest. In order to calculate its speed at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know: a. the mass of the sphere. b. the radius of the sphere. c. the mass and the radius of the sphere. d. no more than is given in the problem.
C
Two points on a merry-go-round are located at distances from the center r1 and r2, where r1 < r2. While the merry-go-round is in the process of speeding up to operational speed, which of the following equations involving magnitudes of angular speed, angular acceleration, and tangential speed for these points is incorrect? a. ω1 = ω2 b. α1 = α2 c. vt1 = vt2 d. All of the equations are correct
D
A model rocket sits on the launch pad until its fuel is ignited, blasting the rocket upward. During the short time of blast-off, as the ignited fuel goes down, the rocket goes up because: a. the fuel pushes on the ground. b. air friction pushes on the escaping fuel. c. the downward force of gravity is less than the downward momentum of the fuel. d. of none of the above reasons.
B7
The Earth's orbit is closest to the Sun in January and farthest from the Sun in July. When is the Earth moving the fastest in orbit? a. Neither January nor July since the orbital speed of the Earth is a constant. b. January c. July d. This occurs twice a year, in April and in October.
C
A 40-kg boy is standing on the edge of a stationary 30-kg platform that is free to rotate. The boy tries to walk around the platform in a counterclockwise direction. As he does: a. the platform doesn't rotate. b. the platform rotates in a clockwise direction just fast enough so that the boy remains stationary relative to the ground. c. the platform rotates in a clockwise direction while the boy goes around in a counterclockwise direction relative to the ground. d. both go around with equal angular velocities but in opposite directions.
D
Consider a child who is swinging. As she reaches the lowest point in her swing: a. the tension in the rope is equal to her weight. b. the tension in the rope is equal to her mass times her acceleration. c. her acceleration is downward at 9.8 m/s2. d. none of the above.
A
The Earth moves about the Sun in an elliptical orbit. As the Earth moves closer to the Sun, which of the following best describes the Earth-Sun system's moment of inertia? a. decreases b. increases c. remains constant d. none of the above choices are valid
D
An Earth satellite is orbiting at a distance from the Earth's surface equal to one Earth radius (4 000 miles). At this location, the acceleration due to gravity is what factor times the value of g at the Earth's surface? a. There is no acceleration since the satellite is in orbit. b. 2 c. 1/2 d. 1/4
C
The torque caused by a force F applied at a distance r from the axis of rotation, is given by θτsinrF=, where θ is the angle between rr and Fr. If the magnitudes r and F remain the same, what other angle θ′ will produce the same torque as was produced at angle θ if θ was less than 90°? a. 90θθ′=°−THETA b. 90θθ°′=+THETA c. 180θθ°′=−THETA d. None of the above
B
Neglecting gravity, doubling the exhaust velocity from a single stage rocket initially at rest changes the final velocity attainable by what factor? Assume all other variables, such as the mass of the rocket and the mass of the fuel, do not change. a. The final velocity stays the same. b. The final velocity doubles. c. The final velocity increases by a factor of 0.693. d. The final velocity increases by a factor of 0.310.
A
A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is P. Then the container is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density , which floats on top of the water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the container now? 33m/kg1080.0× a. a pressure < P b. the same pressure P c. a pressure > P d. This is unable to be determined with the information given.
C6
Neglecting gravity, doubling the exhaust velocity from a single stage rocket initially at rest changes the final kinetic energy of the burnout stage by what factor? Assume all other variables, such as the mass of the rocket and the mass of the fuel, do not change. a. It is the same. b. It doubles. c. It quadruples. d. It increases by a factor of 1.693
A
A uniform meter stick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40 cm mark when a weight W is placed at the 30 cm mark. What is the weight of the meter stick? a. W b. 2W c. W/2 d. 0.4 W
C
Consider the use of the terms "rotation" and "revolution". In physics: a. the words are used interchangeably. b. the words are used interchangeably but "rotation" is the preferred word. c. the words have different meaning. d. "rotation" is the correct word and "revolution" should not be used.
D
Two equal magnitude forces are in opposite directions and their lines of action are separated by distance d. These two forces are applied to a solid disk, which is mounted on a frictionless axle. If d is half the radius r of the disk, which of the following positions for the forces would give the most torque. a. One force on a line touching the circumference of the disk, the other on a line halfway to the center. b. One force on a line at a distance d from the center and the other on a line through the center of the disk. c. One force on a line at a distance d/2 from the center of the disk, and the other on a line at a distance d/2 on the opposite side of the center of the disk. d. Since all the above orientations give the same torque, choose this answer.
B7
A car is going around a racetrack at constant speed. The curves around the track have different radii. In which turn is the magnitude of the car's acceleration the greatest? a. It is the greatest in the turn with the greatest radius. b. It is the greatest in the turn with the smallest radius. c. The acceleration is zero everywhere because of the constant speed. d. More information is needed to determine the answer.
Section 5
(50 cards)
D
What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of water and steam at one atmosphere of pressure? a. 0°F b. 273 K c. 0 K d. 100°C
C
For an ideal gas of a given mass, if the pressure remains the same and the volume increases: a. the average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases. b. the average kinetic energy of the molecules stays the same. c. the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases. d. Nothing can be determined about the molecular kinetic energy.
D
The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to which of the following? a. only solids b. only liquids c. only gases d. solids, liquids and gases
C
Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is filled, the water level will be at the top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and twice as wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the water on Dam #2 than the force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the dams.) a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16
D
In an elastic solid there is a direct proportionality between strain and: a. elastic modulus. b. temperature. c. cross-sectional area. d. stress
D
The zeroth law of thermodynamics pertains to what relational condition that may exist between two systems? a. zero net forces b. zero velocities c. zero temperature d. thermal equilibrium
D
Between 0° and 4°C, the volume coefficient of expansion for water: a. is positive. b. is zero. c. is becoming less dense. d. is negative.
C
As ice floats in water, about 10% of the ice floats above the surface of the water. If we float some ice in a glass of water, what will happen to the water level as the ice melts? a. The water level will rise 10% of the volume of the ice that melts. b. The water level will rise, but not as much as the 10% indicated in answer a. c. The water level will remain unchanged. d. The water level will become lower.
B
The quantity "pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to: a. MLT−1. b. ML−1T−2. c. M2L−1T−3. d. a dimensionless quantity.
B
Evaporation cools the liquid that is left behind because the molecules that leave the liquid during evaporation: a. have kinetic energy. b. have greater than average speed. c. have broken the bonds that held them in the liquid. d. create vapor pressure.
C
Think of Bernoulli's equation as it pertains to an ideal fluid flowing through a horizontal pipe. Imagine that you take measurements along the pipe in the direction of fluid flow. What happens to the sum of the pressure and energy per unit volume? a. It increases as the pipe diameter increases. b. It decreases as the pipe diameter increases. c. It remains constant as the pipe diameter increases. d. No choices above are valid.
C
An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature triples? a. 1/9 b. 1/3 c. 3.0 d. 9.0
B
An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The number of moles and temperature are constant. By what factor will the volume change if pressure triples? a. 1/9 b. 1/3 c. 3.0 d. 9.0
A
What happens to a given volume of water when heated from 0°C to 4°C? a. density increases b. density decreases c. density remains constant d. vaporizes
A
What happens to a given mass of water as it is cooled from 4°C to zero? a. expands b. contracts c. vaporizes d. Neither expands, contracts, nor vaporizes.
B
The temperature of a quantity of ideal gas in a sealed container is increased from 0 to . What happens to the rms speed of the molecules of the gas as a result of this temperature increase? C°273C° a. It does not change since rms speed is independent of temperature. b. It increases but it less than doubles. c. It doubles. d. It quadruples.
A
What happens to a volume of water when its temperature is reduced from 8°C to 4°C? a. density increases b. density decreases c. density remains constant d. vaporizes
C
A tire stops a car by use of friction. What modulus should we use to calculate the stress and strain on the tire? a. Young's modulus b. compression modulus c. shear modulus d. bulk modulus
B
The ideal gas law treats gas as consisting of: a. atoms. b. molecules. c. chemicals. d. bubbles
C
Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface? a. They only appear to get larger, this being a magnification effect due to looking through the water. b. The bubbles' pressure increases as they rise. c. The pressure in the water decreases as the bubble moves toward the surface. d. Bubbles always get bigger after they form.
A
A steel plate has a hole drilled through it. The plate is put into a furnace and heated. What happens to the size of the inside diameter of a hole as its temperature increases? a. increases b. decreases c. remains constant d. becomes elliptical
A
What happens to its moment of inertia when a steel disk is heated? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It stays the same. d. It increases for half the temperature increase and then decreases for the rest of the temperature increase.
D
A large stone is resting on the bottom of the swimming pool. The normal force of the bottom of the pool on the stone is equal to the: a. weight of the stone. b. weight of the water displaced. c. sum of the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water. d. difference between the weight of the stone and the weight of the displaced water.
C
Boltzmann's constant, kB, may be derived as a function of R, the universal gas constant, and NA, Avogadro's number. Which expresses the value of kB? a. NAR2 b. NAR c. R/NA d. NA/R
B
Suppose the pressure of 20 g of an ideal monatomic gas is tripled while its volume is halved. What happens to the internal energy of the gas? a. It stays the same, as the described changes do not involve internal energy. b. It increases. c. It decreases. d. This depends on the molecular weight of the gas involved, thus this is indeterminate.
B
What is the temperature of a system in thermal equilibrium with another system made up of ice and water at one atmosphere of pressure? a. 0°F b. 273 K c. 0 K d. 100°C
A
A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a leak but quick action plugging the leak stops the boat from going under although it is now deeper in the water. What happens to the surface level of the pond? a. It stays the same. b. It goes up. c. It goes down. d. More information is needed to reach a conclusion
C
Consider two containers with the same volume and temperature. Container One holds "dry" air⎯a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Container Two holds "moist" air. The "moist" air has the same ratio of nitrogen to oxygen molecules, but also contains water vapor. According to the ideal gas law, if the pressures are equal, the weight of the gas in Container One will be: a. lighter than the gas inside the second container. b. equal to the weight of the gas in the second container. c. heavier than the gas inside the second container. d. all the above are incorrect because the pressures cannot be equal.
D9
Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling through a fluid at its terminal speed? a. It is at a maximum. b. It is upwards. c. It is downwards. d. It is zero.
B
If the temperature of an ideal gas contained in a box is increased: a. the average velocity of the molecules in the box will be increased. b. the average speed of the molecules in the box will be increased. c. the distance between molecules in the box will be increased. d. all of the above.
B
Which best describes a system made up of ice, water and steam existing together? a. absolute zero b. triple point c. ice point d. steam point
B
Which best expresses the value for the coefficient of volume expansion, β, for given material as a function of its corresponding coefficient of linear expansion, α? a. β = α 3 b. β = 3α c. β = α 2 d. β = 2α
C
The thermal expansion of a solid is caused by: a. the breaking of bonds between atoms. b. increasing the amplitude of the atoms vibration. c. increasing the distance between equilibrium positions for the vibrating atoms. d. all of the above.
B
The observation that materials expand in size with an increase in temperature can be applied to what proportion of existing substances? a. 100% b. most c. few d. none
C
A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat sinks because of a leak. What happens to the surface level of the pond? a. It stays the same. b. It goes up. c. It goes down. d. More information is needed to reach a conclusion.
D
Which of the following properties can be used to measure temperature? a. the color of a glowing object b. the length of a solid c. the volume of gas held at constant pressure d. all of the above
C
The coefficient of area expansion is: a. half the coefficient of volume expansion. b. three halves the coefficient of volume expansion. c. double the coefficient of linear expansion. d. triple the coefficient of linear expansion.
A
Which best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium? a. no net energy is exchanged b. volumes are equal c. masses are equal d. zero velocity
A
A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s, which of the following characterizes the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be 1.0 × 10-3 N·s/m. a. streamlined b. unstable c. turbulent d. stagnant
B
An interval of one Celsius degree is equivalent to an interval of: a. one Fahrenheit degree. b. one kelvin. c. 5/9 Fahrenheit degree. d. 5/9 kelvin.
D
The quantity "strain" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to: a. MLT−1. b. ML−1T−2. c. M2L−1T−3. d. a dimensionless quantity.
B
John rapidly pulls a plunger out of a cylinder. As the plunger moves away, the gas molecules bouncing elastically off the plunger are: a. rebounding at a higher speed than they would have if the plunger weren't removed. b. rebounding at a lower speed than they would have if the plunger weren't removed. c. rebounding at the same speed as they would have if the plunger weren't removed. d. Whether they speed up or slow down depends on how fast the plunger is removed.
D
The noble gases, listed by increasing molecular weight, are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn. If samples of 1 mole each of these gases are placed in separate containers and heated to 300 K, which gas has the greatest internal energy and the molecules of which gas have the highest rms speed? a. The He has the greatest internal energy, and the Rn has the greatest rms speed. b. The Rn has the greatest internal energy, and the He has the greatest rms speed. c. All the gases have the same internal energy, and the Rn has the greatest rms speed. d. All the gases have the same internal energy, and the He has the greatest rms speed.
D
In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function of: a. depth. b. surface area. c. liquid density. d. Choices a and c are both valid.
C
An ideal gas is confined to a container with constant volume. The number of moles is constant. By what factor will the pressure change if the absolute temperature triples? a. 1/9 b. 1/3 c. 3.0 d. 9.0
C
Metal lids on glass jars can often be loosened by running them under hot water. Why is this? a. The hot water is a lubricant. b. The metal and glass expand due to the heating, and the glass being of smaller radius expands less than the metal. c. The metal has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than glass so the metal expands more than the glass thus loosening the connection. d. This is just folklore.
B
The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is equivalent to: a. MLT−1. b. ML−1T−2. c. M2L−1T−3. d. a dimensionless quantity.
C
At room temperature, the coefficient of linear expansion for Pyrex glass is ____________ that for ordinary glass. a. the same as b. more than c. less than d. stronger than
D
Bar One has a Young's modulus that is bigger than that of Bar Two. This indicates Bar One: a. is longer than Bar Two. b. has a greater cross-sectional area than Bar Two. c. has a greater elastic limit than Bar Two. d. is made of material that is different from Bar Two.
D
The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following properties, when taken as an average, of the molecules of that gas? a. speed b. momentum c. mass d. kinetic energy
Section 6
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