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AP Chemistry Chapter 5: Thermodynamics

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Section 1

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Internal Energy

Front

1 / 31

Chemistry Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (31)

Section 1

(31 cards)

Internal Energy

Front

The total energy possessed by a system. When a system undergoes a change, the change in internal energy, ⌂E, is defined as the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system by its surroundings: ⌂E = q + w.

Back

System

Front

In thermodynamics, the portion of the universe that we single out for study. We must be careful to state exactly what the system contains and what transfers of energy it may have with its surroundings.

Back

Specific Heat

Front

The heat capacity of 1 g of a substance; the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°.

Back

Enthalpy

Front

A quantity defined by the relationship H = E + PV; the enthalpy change, ⌂H, for a reaction that occurs at constant pressure is the heat evolved or absorbed in the reaction: ⌂H = qp.

Back

Enthalpy of Reaction

Front

The enthalpy change associated with a chemical reaction.

Back

Thermodynamics

Front

The study of energy and its transformation.

Back

Endothermic

Front

A process in which a system absorbs heat from its surroundings.

Back

Force

Front

A push or a pull.

Back

Heat

Front

The flow of energy from a body at higher temperature to one at lower temperature when they are placed in thermal contact.

Back

State Function

Front

A property of a system that is determined by the state or condition of the system and not by how it got to that state; its value is fixed when temperature, pressure, composition, and physical form are specified; P,V,T,E, and H are state functions.

Back

Bomb Calorimeter

Front

A device for measuring the heat evolved in the combustion of a substance under constant-volume conditions.

Back

Thermochemistry

Front

Back

Enthalpy of Formation

Front

The enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of a substance from the most stable forms of its component elements.

Back

Standard Enthalpy Change (⌂H°)

Front

The change in enthalpy in a process when all reactants and products are in their stable forms at 1 atm pressure and a specified temperature, commonly 25°C.

Back

Fuel Value

Front

The energy released when 1 g of a substance is combusted.

Back

Exothermic

Front

A process in which a system releases heat to its surroundings.

Back

Calorimeter

Front

An apparatus that measures the evolution of heat.

Back

Joule (J)

Front

The Si unit of energy. A related unit is the calorie: 4.184J = cal.

Back

Hess's Law

Front

The heat evolved in a given process can be expressed as the sum of the heats of several processes that, when added, yield the process of interest.

Back

Surroundings

Front

In thermodynamics, everything that lies outside the system that we study.

Back

Molar Heat Capacity

Front

The heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1°C.

Back

Calorimetry

Front

The experimental measurement of heat produced in chemical and physical processes.

Back

Standard Enthalpy of Formation (⌂H°f)

Front

The change in enthalpy that accompanies the formation of one mole of a substance from its elements, with all substance in their standard states.

Back

Energy

Front

The capacity to do work or to transfer heat.

Back

Calorie (cal)

Front

A unit of energy, it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C from 14.5°C to 15.5°C.

Back

First Law of Thermodynamics

Front

A statement of our experience that energy is conserved in any process.

Back

Heat Capacity

Front

The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of matter by 1°C( or 1 K).

Back

Pressure-Volume Work (P-V Work)

Front

Work performed by expansion of a gas against a resisting pressure.

Back

Kinetic Energy

Front

The energy that an object possesses by virtue of its motion.

Back

Work

Front

The movement of an object against some force.

Back

Potential Energy

Front

The energy that an object possesses as a result of its composition or its position with respect to another object.

Back