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Physics - Sound

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Speed of Sound

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (23)

Section 1

(23 cards)

Speed of Sound

Front

331 m/s Formula: 331 + .6 * degrees above 0 Normal room temperature: 340 m/s Depends on... - Temperature (Warm = faster) - Size (Lighter = faster)

Back

Natural Frequency

Front

frequency that an object will vibrate when it's disturbed How object WANTS to vibrate (requires MINIMUM amount of energy to create)

Back

Elasticity

Front

ability of a material to change shape in response to a force and then go back to its starting shape **Metals = HIGH elasticity = FAST

Back

Vibrations

Front

Cause of waves Waves carry energy, NOT matter

Back

Hearing Damage

Front

Happens at 85 decibels (dB)

Back

Normal Hearing Frequencies

Front

20 - 20,000 Hertz *Older people have a harder time hearing HIGH frequencies

Back

Compression

Front

"crest" of a longitudinal wave high-pressure parts "compressed air"

Back

Forced Vibrations

Front

when an object is made / "forced" to vibrate by another vibrating object NOT natural frequency

Back

Resonance

Front

when an objects is forced to vibrate at its *natural frequency (BIG increase in amplitude) Ex. Think about our sound lab or an echo - just keeps going naturally Singer shattering the glass while singing The bridge collapsing due to the wind Radio = matching radio to incoming signals to match up to natural frequency = resonances to ONE station

Back

Medium

Front

What a wave travels through - Ex. 1. Solid / Steel = fastest 2. Liquid / Water 3. Gas / Air = slowest A MECHANICAL wave (like sound) NEEDS this = Why in space / vacuum there is NO sound

Back

Beats

Front

Two tones of slightly different frequencies are sounded together = combine to make regular changes in loudness (**Beats) If the SAME two waves = NO beats Difference between Frequencies = # of beats / sec

Back

Longitudinal Wave

Front

Type of sound wave composed of compressions and rarefractions A wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels Needs a medium to travel through

Back

In Step

Front

Combined waves = louder (like constructive interference)

Back

Infrasonic

Front

Frequencies BELOW 20 Hz

Back

Sound Board

Front

In stringed musical instruments = an amplifier when forced to vibrate Otherwise is would just make little "plinks" when played

Back

Amplitude

Front

Associated with: - Intensity (Unit = decibel)= objective - Loudness (your perseption) = subjective - Height of the wave = energy of wave

Back

Pitch

Front

Refers to the frequency of a sound wave High pitch = high frequency Low pitch = low frequency

Back

Out of Step

Front

Waves not together = quieter (like destructive interference)

Back

Intensity

Front

Measured by instruments Unit = decibels *Factor of 10 Ex. 0 dB vs. 10 dB = 10 times as intense Ex. 0 dB vs. 20 dB = 100 times as intense 2 ^ # of steps = increase

Back

Longitudinal Waves

Front

a wave in which the ENERGY moves parallel to/along with the path of the wave (medium does NOT move) Ex. Sound Waves

Back

Rarefaction:

Front

"trough" of a longitudinal wave low-pressure parts

Back

Ultrasonic

Front

Frequencies ABOVE 20,000 Hz

Back

Frequency

Front

# per second Unit = Hertz (Hz) HIGH Pitch = HIGH frequency LOW Pitch = LOW frequency

Back