Section 1
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what should you never change in a polyatomic ion
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (75)
Section 1
(50 cards)
what should you never change in a polyatomic ion
the subscripts of the atom within the ion
What type of ions have lost electrons?
cations
Why are the transition metals and metal in groups 13 and 14 not included in the monatomic ions
because of the form different positive ions
what are two ways that these ions can be freed from their crystalline structure?
melt them or dissolve them in water
What type of ions have gained electrons?
anions
How do electrons help keep the metal from shattering and breaking apart?
they keep the positive cations from coming in contact with each other
why are noble gases not likely to form chemical bonds
valence shell is full
How should the ion with the least number of oxygen atoms be identified for Sulfur and Nitrogen
use the root of the nonmetal and the suffix -ite
How should the ion with three fewer oxygen atom be named to identify Chlorine
use the prefix hypo- and the root of the nonmetal and the suffix -ite
When naming Transition Metals should you use number or roman numerals?
roman Numerals
what does the oxidation number of an element in an ionic compound equal
the number of electrons transferred from the atom to form the ion
When atoms lose or gain electrons, which sublevels are they trying to have full to be stable?
s & p
in a metal, the cations are surrounded by what negatively charged particles?
electrons
How many outer electrons does each atom have to have to be stable?
8 electrons
anion
a negative charged ion which forms when an atom gains one or more valence electrons
What must happen to electrons in order to form an ionic bond?
transferred
oxyanion
a polyatomic ion composed of an element (usually nonmetal), bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
oxidation number
the charge of a monatomic ion is, also know as oxidation state
ionic compound
compounds that contain ionic bonds
Name three alloys and the metals that they are made from.
brass- made from copper and zinc sterling silver- made from silver and copper bronze- made from copper and tin
metallic bond
the attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons
formula unit
the simplest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound
How should the ion with one fewer oxygen atom be named to identify Chlorine
the root of the nonmetal and the suffix -ate
What is the name of the rule that supports the number of electrons that each atom needs in order to be stable?
the Octet Rule
Metals are easily bent or hammered into shape; which means they are?
malleable
polyatomic ions
ions made up of more than one atom
cation
a positive charged ion which forms when an atom loses one or more valence electrons in order to attain a noble gas configuration
the ratio of ions in a formula unit of a compound must show what?
the number of electrons lost by the metal equals the number of electrons gained by the nonmetal
why don't ionic compounds melt easily?
the attraction in the ionic bond is too strong
crystal lattice
a 3-dimensional geometric arrangemenet of particles where each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and each negative ion is surrounded by positive ions
What do metals like to do with their valence electrons? and why?
they like to lose them because it makes them more stable like noble gases
what is another name for ionic compounds
salts
alloy
a mixture of elements that has metallic properties
What is does a formula unit represent?
the smallest ratio of ions involved
if ions are freed from their crystalline structure, they can then conduct
electricity
what kind of structure does an ionic compound have
crystalline
electrolyte
an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current
electron sea model
proposes that all the metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a "sea" of electrons; surrounds the metal cations in the lattice
what is the force of the ionic bond like?
very strong force
What is the overall charge of a formula unit
zero
chemical bond
the force that hold two atoms together; may form by the attraction of a positive ion for a negative ion or by sharing electrons
How should the ion with the greatest number of oxygen atoms be identified for Sulfur and Nitrogen
use the root of the nonmetal and the suffix -ate
monatomic ion
a one-atom ion
Most metals are not pure but mixtures, they are?
alloys
How should the ion with two fewer oxygen atom be named to identify Chlorine
use the root of the nonmetal and the suffix -ite
what are binary ionic compounds composed of
positively charged monatomic ions of a metal and a negatively charged monatomic ion of a nonmetal
How should the ion with the greatest number of oxygen atoms be identified for Chlorine
use the prefix per- and the root of the nonmetal and the suffix -ate
lattice energy
the energy required to separate 1 mol of the ions of an ionic compound
delocalized electrons
electrons that move freely
ionic bond
the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ion compound
Section 2
(25 cards)