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AP Chemistry Chapter 12

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Section 1

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reaction rate

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Chemistry Science

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Cards (33)

Section 1

(33 cards)

reaction rate

Front

the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time

Back

chemical kinetics

Front

the area of chemistry that concerns reaction rates

Back

overall reaction order

Front

the sum of the orders of the various reactants

Back

transition state

Front

activated complex

Back

rate-determining step

Front

the slowest step in a reaction mechanism, the one determining the overall rate

Back

reaction mechanism

Front

the series of steps by which chemical reactions occur

Back

heterogeneous catalyst

Front

a catalyst that exists in a different phase from the reacting molecules, usually as a solid

Back

half-life of a reactant

Front

the time required for a reactant to reach half of its original concentration

Back

steric factor

Front

the factor that reflects the fraction of collisions with orientations that can produce a chemical reaction

Back

instantaneous rate

Front

the value of the rate at a particular time

Back

integrated rate law

Front

an expression that shows the concentration of a reactant as a function of time

Back

intermediate

Front

a species that is neither a reactant nor a product but that is formed and consumed in the reaction sequence

Back

Arrhenius equation

Front

the equation representing the rate constant as k = A exp(-Ea/RT), where A represents the product of the collision frequency and the steric factor, and exp(-Ea/RT) is the fraction of collisions with sufficient energy to produce a reaction

Back

differential rate law

Front

an expression that gives the rate of a reaction as a function of concentrations; often called the rate law

Back

order

Front

the positive or negative exponent, determined by experiment, of the reactant concentration in a rate law

Back

molecular orientations

Front

orientations of molecules during collisions, some of which can lead to reaction while others cannot

Back

activation energy

Front

the threshold energy that must be overcome to produce a chemical reaction

Back

initial rate

Front

the instantaneous rate determined just after the reaction begins

Back

frequency factor

Front

A the product of the collision frequency and the steric factor

Back

rate constant

Front

the proportionality constant in the relationship between reaction rate and reactant concentrations

Back

molecularity

Front

the number of species that must collie to produce the reaction represented by an elementary step in a reaction mechanism

Back

unimolecular step

Front

a reaction step involving only one molecule

Back

termolecular step

Front

a reaction involving the simultaneous collision of three molecules

Back

collision model

Front

a model based on the idea that molecules must collide to react; used to account for the observed characteristics of reaction rates

Back

homogeneous catalyst

Front

a catalyst that is present in the same phase as the reacting molecules

Back

activated complex

Front

the arrangement of atoms found at the top of the potential energy barrier as a reaction proceeds from reactants to products

Back

catalyst

Front

a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed

Back

elementary step

Front

a reaction whose rate law can be written from its molecularity

Back

bimolecular step

Front

a reaction involving the collision of two molecules

Back

first order reaction

Front

when the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the reactant to the first power

Back

rate law

Front

an expression that shows hoe the rate of reaction depends on the concentration of reactants

Back

enzyme

Front

a large molecule, usually a protein, that catalyzes biological reactions

Back

adsorption

Front

the collection of one substance on the surface of another

Back