Campbell Biology: Ninth Edition - Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Section 1
Preview this deck
Building Block of: Polypeptide
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (67)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Building Block of: Polypeptide
amino acid
Dehydration Synthesis Condensation
remove water to create bonds
Building Block of: Triglyceride (Fat)
glycerol + fatty acids
Aldehyde
an organic molecule with a carbonyl group at the end (terminal) of the carbon skeleton.
Building Block of: Polysaccharide
monosaccharide
Nucleotides
Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases
Hydrolysis
adding water to create bonds
Structure of Polypeptides: Tertiary Structure
makes one polypeptide interactions between the variable groups a) hydrogen bonds b) ionic bonds c) disulfide bridges d) hydrophobic reaction
Functional Groups
perform chemical reactions
Steroids
Structure: 4 fused rings sex hormones
Lipid
organic compound that is insoluble in water (hydrophobic/non polar)
Structural Polysaccharide
provide structural support and form to cells (Beta Glucose) Ex: Cellulose (Plant Cell Wall) Chitin (exoskeleton of animal/bugs)
Carboxylic acid
organic acids; compounds containing a carboxyl group.
Types of Proteins: Defense Proteins
antibodies
Amino Group
(—NH2) a functional group composed of nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton. Can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of +1.
Structure of Polypeptides: Secondary Structure
form a Alpha-helix or a Beta-sheet by forming hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another amino acid
Ketone
Name of carbonyl compound when it is within the C-skeleton
Unsaturated Fat
a lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. -- liquid at room temperature
Sulfhydryl Group
(—SH) a functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Saturated Fat
fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms -- solid at room temperature
Dissacharide
A molecule made of two monosaccharides.
Amines
organic compounds with one or more amino groups.
Peptide Bonds
covalent bonds between amino acids
Thiols
organic compounds containing sulfahydryl groups.
Geometric Isomers
compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms.
Types of Proteins: Enzymes
...
Monosaccharide
single sugar molecule
Structural Isomers
compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
Polysaccharide
a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides
Hydroxyl Group
a functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond(—OH), which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of a molecule. Molecules possessing this group are water soluble and called alcohols.
Nitrogeneous Bases
T C U = Pyramidines A G = Purines
Types of Lipids
fat steroids waxes phospholipids
Carbohydrates
sugars -- all sugars have CHO in a ratio of 1:2:1
Types of Proteins: Structural Protein
fiber proteins Ex: keratin, collagen
Glycosidic Linkage
covalent bonds between bonds that hold monosaccharides together
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell.
Carboxyl Group
a functional group present in organic acids consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.(—COOH)
Organic Chemistry
study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
Structure of Polypeptides: Quaternary Structure
many polypeptides interacting together
Storage Polysaccharide
stored glucose used overtime as energy by the organism (Alpha Glucose) Ex: Starch
Structure of Polypeptides: Primary Structure
chain of amino acids - produce peptide bonds between amino acids
Isomers
organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure and therefore different properties.
Types of Proteins: Transport Proteins
hemoglobin (red blood cells)
Building Block of: Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA)
nucleotides
Types of Proteins: Regulatory Protein
controls something Ex: insulin
Carbonyl Group
a functional group present in aldehydes and ketones consisting of an oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon atom.
Enantiomers
molecules that are mirror images of each other
Hydrocarbons
an organic molecule made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Alcohols
organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
Phosphate Group
a functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms and is important in energy transfer.
Section 2
(17 cards)