consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton. Ethanol and other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups are called alcohols.
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Carbonyl Group
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a carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom. If the carbon of the carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the compound is called an aldehyde; if it is within the chain, the compound is called a ketone. Sugars contain a carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups
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Carboxyl Group
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Amino Group
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composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. It acts as a base by picking up H+ from a solution. Organic compounds with an amino group are called amines. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain a carboxyl and an amino group.
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Phosphate Group
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consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen atoms.
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Methyl
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consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens. Compounds with these groups are called methylated compounds.
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Sulfhydryl
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consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen
