Section 1
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electromagnetic wave
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Date created
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Cards (55)
Section 1
(50 cards)
electromagnetic wave
a combination of oscillating magnetic and electric field *transverse waves
Transverse Waves
particles vibrate perpendicular to propagation crest and trough
Amplitude
Distance from the equilibrium position to the position of maximum displacement -Energy dependent -A is var -Loudness of sound
Incident wave
the wave that moves through the boundary
Pulse
A single disturbance
The Law of Reflection
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Out of Phase
Objects don't have the same displacement or are vibrating in different directions
reflected wave
the energy that moves backward from a wave boundary as a wave in the old medium
Nodes
a point of complete destructive interference - the medium is not displaced as the waves pass through each other
Periodic Wave EX
traveling wave, continuous wave
In Phase
Objects have the same displacement from the equilibrium position at the same time and are vibrating in the same direction.
transmitted wave
the wave that moves through the new medium
Electromagnetic wave examples
visible light, radio, x-rays, gamma, infrared, ultraviolet
Period
Time for one complete cycle T = 1/f
speed of sound
Depends on medium fastest through solids, then liquids, and slowest in gasses fastest through warmer temperatures
Surface Wave Examples
ocean, ripples in ponds
Surface Wave
Particles vibrate parallel and perpendicular to propagation crest and trough travel along the boundary between two materials
Mechanical Wave
a disturbance that propagates through a deformable, elastic medium
Frequency
The number of cycles per second -in Hz = cycles/sec - f = 1/T -Doesn't change often
Infrasonic
Below what we can hear; <20 Hz; Examples: Earthquakes, Machinery, Thunder
f = velocity/wavelength
If the speed in the new medium decreases, the wavelength will as well, because frequency stays the same no matter what.
Periodic Wave
a continueous wave produced by a source vibrating with simple harmonic motion
Wavelength
the distance between an two consecutive similar parts on a wave -crest to crest, trough to trough, compression to compression -lambda
Refraction
the change of wave direction at the boundary between two media -wave length and velocity decreases as waves moves to shallower water
diffraction
The spreading of waves around the edge of a barrier _the smaller the wavelength in comparison to the size of the obstacle, the less the diffraction -diffraction occurring with two closely spaced holes forms antinodal and nodal lines
Doppler effect
Frequency, therefore pitch, is higher as the source approaches than it is at the source
Destructive Interference
Occurs when two waves come together to form a smaller resulting amplitude as they pass through each other.
Constructive Interference
Occurs when two waves come together to form a larger amplitude as they pass through each other
Principle of Superposition
When two or more waves are present simultaneously at the same place, the resultant disturbance is the sum of the disturbances from the individual waves
Angle of Reflection
The angle between the reflected ray and the line normal to the surface
Waves
carries energy not matter
Wave is erect
when the wave passes from more dense to less dense, reflected wave is this
Beat Frequency
The difference between the frequency of to component waves that are close in frequency The further apart the two frequencies are, the higher the beat frequency (closer = slower)
Transverse Examples
radio, light, microwaves, stringed instrument, stadium wave, earthquake S waves (shear)
Standing Wave
The result of identical waves traveling in opposite directions forming nodes and antinodes
Fundamental (1st Harmonic)
Ends with Nodes: 1/2(wavelength) Open Pipe: 1/2(Wavelength) Closed Pipe: 1/4(wavelength)
Resonance
the condition under which a driving force can transmit large amounts of energy to an oscillating object, leading to large amplitude motion. Occurs when the frequency of the driving force matches the natural frequency at which the object oscillates
Ultrasonic
Above what we can hear; >20,000 Hz; Bats
middle
We can hear; 20Hz -> 20,000 Hz; we're most sensitive to 2,000 - 4,000 Hz
Hooke's Law
F = -kx k is N/m
Longitudinal
Particles vibrate parallel to propagation compression and rarefaction, or condensation and expansions
pitch
how high or low we perceive a sound wave
Wave velocity
the velocity at which waves propagate
Medium
Material through which a disturbance travels
Frequency of Sound
Infrasonic, Middle, Ultrasonic
Wave is inverted
when the wave passes from less dense to more dense; reflected wave is this
Angle of Incidence
the angle between the incident ray and the line normal to the surface
Going through mediums
Changes the amplitude and the energy carried through or reflected depending on the differences of change
Wave Velocity Equation
v = frequency * wavelength
Antinodes
a point of constructive interference - the point where the displacement caused by the interfering waves is largest
Section 2
(5 cards)