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AP Human Geography - Chapter 6 - Religion

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Section 1

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Caste System

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (39)

Section 1

(39 cards)

Caste System

Front

the strict social segregation of people—specifically in India's Hindu society—on the basis of ancestry and occupation

Back

Roman Catholic Church (rcc)

Front

- one of the three major branches of Christianity. - About 25% of North America - Compromises 95% of Christians in Latin America

Back

Sunnis

Front

- Adherents to the largest branch of Islam (83%)

Back

Shiites

Front

- adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam (16%) - 40% live in Iran and 15% live in Pakistan - 90% of Iran's population

Back

Tribal Religion

Front

specific to one particular group of people and is usually practiced in a highly localized region. Often such religions celebrate spirits found in living and none living things, believe in and worship nature, and are very small in scale and isolated. Ex: individual Native American group of people, Australia (aboriginal religions).

Back

What are the largest Protestant Denominations?

Front

Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostal, Lutheran, Latter-Day Saints, Churches of Christ

Back

What is Islam like in today?

Front

- Increased rapidly in recent years, mostly through immigration. - France has the largest Muslim population - colonies of North Africa - Nation of Islam founded in Detroit in 1930's (concentration - Dearborn, Michigan)

Back

Three main branches of Buddhism

Front

- Mahayana - 56% of Buddhist, Japan, China, Korea - Theravada - 38% of Buddhist, Southeast Asia - Tantrayana - 6% of Buddhist, Tibet, Mongolia

Back

Hajj

Front

the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad

Back

Islamic Holy Cities

Front

Mecca and Medina

Back

Eastern Orthodox Church (eoc)

Front

- one of the three major branches of Christianity. - a collection of 14 self-governing churches in Eastern Europe and the Middle East - 40% belong to the Russian Orthodox

Back

Minarets

Front

tower attached to a Muslim mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier call Muslims to prayer

Back

Polytheistic Religion

Front

belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe

Back

Four Nobel Truths

Front

1. All living beings must endure suffering. 2. Suffering, which is caused by a desire to, leads to reincarnation. 3. The goal of all existence is to escape from suffering and the endless cycle of reincarnation into Nirvana, which is achieved through mental and moral self-purification. 4. Nirvana is attained through an Eightfold Path, which includes rightness of belief, resolve, speech, action, livelihood, effort, thought, and meditation.

Back

Shintoism

Front

- distinctive ethnic religion in Japan -Consider forces of nature to be divine, especially the sun and moon, as well as rivers, trees, rocks, mountains, and animals. - Deceased emperors and other ancestors became more important deities for Shintoists than natural features.

Back

Five Pillars of Islam

Front

1. There is no god worthy of worship except the one God, the source of all creation, and Muhammad is the messenger of God. 2. Five times daily, a Muslim prays, facing the city of Mecca, as a direct link to God. 3. A Muslim gives generously to charity, as an act of purification and growth. 4. A Muslim fasts during the month of Ramadan, as an act of self-purification 5. If physically and financially able, a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to Mecca

Back

Hinduism

Front

one of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4000 years. It does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins. Does not have a central authority or single book. 70% worship Vishnu (loving God) and 25% worship Shiva (protective and destructive God)

Back

Zionism

Front

the movement to unite the Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land

Back

Pilgrimage

Front

voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site

Back

Monotheistic Religion

Front

belief system in which one supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe

Back

Buddhism

Front

religion founded in the sixth century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire. Does not require exclusive adherence.

Back

Religious Extremism

Front

religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence

Back

Religion

Front

a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities. It is a dynamic culture trait.

Back

Protestant

Front

- one of three major branches of Christianity - About 40% of North America.

Back

Christianity

Front

religion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on Earth to teach people how to live according to God's plan.

Back

Universalizing Religion

Front

a belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope. Adherents of universalizing religious systems often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertake in evangelism and missionary work.

Back

Shari'a Laws

Front

The system of Islamic law, sometimes called Quranic law. Unlike most western systems of law that are based on legal precedence, sharia is based on varying degrees of interpretation of the Quran.

Back

Judaism Today

Front

- 6 million Jews live in the United States, 4 million in Israel - In the United States Jews are located in large cities including 1/3 in New York - Majority in Israel, first time since biblical era an independent state has had a Jewish majority.

Back

Religious Fundamentalism

Front

religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy

Back

Judaism

Front

religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham (from Ur), who is credit with uniting his people to worship only one God. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews. Uses the Torah.

Back

Islam

Front

the youngest of the major world religions, Islam is based on the teachings of Muhammad, born in Mecca in 571 CE. According to the teaching, Muhammad received the truth directly from Allah in a series of revelations during which Muhammad spoke the verses of the Qu'ran (Koran), the Islamic holy book. Relocation diffusion. Practice at Mosque.

Back

Diaspora

Front

from the Greek "to disperse," a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. Originally denoting the dispersal of Jews. Relocation diffusion.

Back

Sacred Sites

Front

place or space people infuse with religious meaning

Back

Animistic Religion

Front

the belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on Earth

Back

Secularism

Front

the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on Earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of deity and promise of a comfortable afterlife.

Back

Confucianism

Front

a philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture.

Back

Ethnic Religion

Front

a religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. Do not try to invite new followers.

Back

Jihad

Front

a doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War," Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set by the Qu'ran

Back

Taoism

Front

religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." Lao-Tsu focused on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature.

Back