Section 1
Preview this deck
Mercantilism
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (110)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Mercantilism
the responsibility of government to promote the states economy to improve the revenues and limit imports to prevent profits from going to outsiders (allows industry to develop their own business)
Nicolo Machiavelli
a Renaissance writer who wrote, "The Prince" which was a famous philosophical view of the ideal political leader in the 16th century, in Italian city states
Thomas Hobbes
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
Scientific Revolution
a new vision of science developed during the renaissance in the 17th + 18th century
Patrons
supporters of the arts, with payment and such, they found talented artists, often when they were young
Anglican Church
A form of Christianity established by Henry VIII that was not decided on the grounds of religious belief, but because the pope would not allow him to divorce his wife.
Adam Smith
He analyzed the natural law of supply and demand that governed economies in his classic book, "The Wealth of Nations"
Renaissance
A heightened intellectual and artistic advance from about 1450s, that changed Europe forever
Magellan
had a ship that was first to circumnavigate the glove, even though Magellan himself died in the phillipines
Humanism
interest in the capabilities and accomplishments of individuals
Reconquest
the retaking of land in Iberia by Spain and Portugal in a religious crusade to expand. This conquest advanced in waves over several centuries.
Versailles
a place where Louis' palace was built symbolizing the French's triumph over the traditional rights of the nobility and clergy. This kept nobles away from plotting rebellions, and 'distracted europe'.
Christopher Columbus
A Genoese mariner who convinced Isabella and Ferdinand to sponsor a voyage across the Atlantic after he was turned down by the Genoese and Portugal. He believed he could reach east Asia by sailing West.
Zheng He
led expiditions in Chinese junks across the atlantic ocean, with one goal being to assert Chinas power after the demise of the Yuan dynasty.
Balance of Power
states forming a temporary alliance to prevent the state form being too powerful. (Russia emerged as a major power in Europe after its mediterranean armies got Sweden in the GNW)
Early Modern Period
the time period of 1450 - 1750 (it is called this because events occurring in this time directly shape regional/political units of todays world)
Capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership of property and business that provide goods to be bough and sold in a free manner
John Calvin
A protestant who established a variation of his beliefs on a stern and vengeful God.
Deism
God built the universe and let it run. Clockmaker theory.
Renaissance Man
Title of a person who was smart and genius in the Renaissance Era.
Absolute Monarchies vs. limited monarchies
absolute monarchies held complete control over their kingdom vs. the limited power.
Henry the Navigator
the third son of the portuguese king; devoted his life to navigation, creating a navigation school, which became a magnet for the cartographers of the world
English Civil War
This was the revolution as a result of whether the sovereignty would remain with the king or with the Parliament. Eventually, the kingship was abolished.
Joint-stock Companies
these companies organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares. The new capitalist system largely replaced the old guild system of the middle ages.
Protestant Reformation
a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
Indulgences
The Catholic Church's grants of salvation for money in the 1500s, and was part of the growing corruption of the church.
Sea-based Powers
Sea people built their power by controlling water routes, developing technology to cross the seas, and gaining wealth from trade and land claims.
Holy Roman Empire
a place/time where religion remained very important, and religious issues continued to fragment, and strong kings emerged in the 16th century
Gentry
the most powerful members of a society, and landowners that affected the style of the old aristocracy
Constitutional Monarchy
States where rulers shared power with a parliament, a body of representatives selected by the nobility and urban citizens
Hapsburg
A powerful family with land claims all over Europe from Spain to Italy to the Netherlands to Hungary, as all the Holy Roman Emperor's had been Hapsburg since 1273
Jesuits
a religious order converting people to return to the church (went to Asia + Americas in 1500's)
Enlightenment
the emphasis on human abilities and accomplishments and the importance of independent and rational thought
Caravel
a new ship developed by the portuguese, which was much smaller than the junk, but size allowed for exploration of shallower coastal areas
Catholic Reformation
the church's actions to revive their reputation and membership roles in 1545 (regained control of most of southern Europe, Austria, Poland, and much of Hungary)
John Locke
sought to understand the impact of the "laws of nature" on human liberties
Divine Right
with God's blessing of the king's authority, the legitimacy of royalty across Europe was enhanced, and occurred under the reign of Louis XIV during the 17th and 18th centuries
Johan Gutenberg
a German goldsmith and printer, who created the printing press, in 1454
Medici
was a powerful family of Florence in the mid to late 1400s that sponsored artists as a rich merchant family
Land-based Powers
A shift in land based powers where governments controlled lands by building armies, bureaucracies, road, canals, and walls that unified and protected
Bourgeoise
middle class; factory owners who put long hours and much of their profits into their businesses
New Monarchies
Monarchies that emerged that differed from their medieval predecessors in having greater centralization of power, more regional boundaries, and stronger representative institutions
Voltaire
wrote witty criticisms of the French monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church. He believed both institutions to be despotic and intolerant, limiting freedoms
Louis XIV
Understood the importance of a "theatre state", by building a magnificent palace at Versailles, and the apex of absolutism occurred under him
Scholasticism
Scholars based their inquiry on the principles established by the church, which sometimes resulted in clases between science and religion
Thirty Years War
War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies (Sweden, Denmark, France) and the emperor and his ally, Spain; ended in 1648 after great destruction with Treaty of Westphalia
Martin Luther
a German monk who wrote the 95 theses in 1517, which were 95 propositions that criticized the Catholic Church
Vasco da Gama
set out to find the tip of Africa and connect it to the Indian Ocean, and discovered the fastest and safest ways to travel to Portugal
Phillip II
ruled Spain at the height of its power in the 15th century
Treaty of Tordesillas
a treaty making Spain and Portugal land claim boundary. Portugal pushes its explorations to India and beyond.
Section 2
(50 cards)
Conquistadors
went to search for gold and convert the natives to Christianity in the interior of Mexico
Kabuki
a form of drama that consisted of several acts and separate skits with singing, dancing, and elaborate staging. (Actors became well known starts)
Janissaries
Checked the military power of the sultan, being an elite military group
Franciscans
peoples who converted new world people to christianity, and took care of the poor.
Mulattoes
composed of European and African children, also part of the castas
Taj Mahal
a building of beauty built as a tomb for Mumtaz Mahal's wife.
De La Casas
a conquistador priest who dedicated himself to protecting Amerindian rights
Peninsularies
a fading social class in the new world, composed of the people born in the old world
Vizier
head of the imperial administration in the Ottoman empire who took care of the day to day work of the empire, aiding the Sultan
Middle Passage
the first leg of the atlantic circuit, where ships took slaves to the new world
Great Northern War
War that was long and costly which came from Peter's modernized armies breaking Swedish control of the Baltic Sea, forcing Europe to see Russia as a major power
Puritans
wanted to purify Church of England, not break with it
Dutch East India Company
a joint stock company that specialized in the spice and luxury trade of the East Indies and quickly gained control of Dutch Trading in the Pacific
Ivan IV
Ivan the Terrible (his nickname) reflected problems that tsars faced as power increased
Mughal Empire
an empire that that was a mixture of Mongol and Turkish peoples from Central Asia, which dominated India until the early 1700s
Battle of Chaldrian
The Shi'ite versus Sunni conflict at Chaldrian over religious differences, that set the limits for Shi'ite expansion
Sati
the ritual suicide of widows by jumping into their husbands pyres, representing the low status of women
Indentured Servitude
a system which was usually ethnically the same as a free settler, but he or she was bound by an "indenture" (contract) to work for a person for four to seven years, in exchange for payment of the new world voyage
Peter the Great
The tsar of Russia in 1682 to 1724, who was most responsible for transforming Russia into a great world power. He understood how things worked globally, and expanded water ports
Imams
heirs of Muhammad according to Shi'ite muslims
Lost Colony
The colony of Walter Raleigh, as well as the first venture to North America by the British on the Carolina Coast.
Bartholomew Dias
set out to find the tip of Africa and connect beyond it to the Indian Ocean, as well as discovering the fastest and safest ways back to Portugal
Akbar
the grandson of Babur, who brought the height of the Mughal empire. Also expanded his empire to control much of the subcontinent.
Cortes
sought to find the Aztec capital, and took over the Aztec land - with help of Amerindians, disease, and technology
Boyars
The nobility of the Russia feudal based economic system. They also had military responsibilities to overlords, including the tsar
Creoles
composed of those born in the new world; a quickly growing class
Mestizos
composed of European and Amerindian children, part of the castas
Francisco Pizzaro
led a group of soldiers to the Andes to find the Inca. The Incas were weak; Pizzaro conquered and got gold.
African Diaspora
The spreading of Africans to many other parts of the world, especially the Americas. This is one of the most important demographic changes during 1450 - 1750
Council of Indies
supervised all government and commercial activity in the Spanish colonies
Columbian exchange
the global diffusion of crops, other plants, human beings, animals, and distance that took place after the European exploring voyages of the New World
St. Petersburg
The "Window to the West" established by Peter the Great, which was a capital built on the shoes of the newly accessed Baltic Sea (a port for the new navy + allowed closer access to western countries)
Babur
founded the Mughal empire, claimed to be a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan (1526)
Devshirme
a system that required Christian's of the area to contribute young boys to be the sultans slaves
Time of Trouble
The time of following Ivan's rule. Ivan executed his oldest son, touching off competition among Boyars for the throne.
Gunpowder Empires
an age of time where almost all powerful states used guns to build control/attack (included Russia, Ming and Qing, Japan, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid and the Mughal empire)
Shah Abbas I
brought the Safavids to the peak of the power, slave infantrymen
Safavid Empire
an empire that grew from a turkish nomadic group, that were Shi'ite muslims
Protestant work ethic
a work ethic of the protestants that encouraged individual endeavors towards gaining wealth
Encomienda
the system in which conquistadors had forced natives to do work for them
Moctezuma
the Aztec emperor, who welcome the Spaniards at Tenochtitlan, seeing them as god-like. This was a mistake, as this allowed everyone to conquer him.
Manila Galleons
ships that traveled across the pacific ocean picking up and trading goods, like Asian luxury goods, and silver
Pilgrims
settled first in New England, and wanted to break away completely from the Church of England, sought to pursue spiritual ends in new lands
Ivan III
declared himself as "tsar" (means Caesar) with the claim he was establishing the "Third Rome"
Ethnocentrism
the term that describes the tendency of human beings to view their own culture as superior
Benin
Not really a significant player in the slave trade - relied on traditional products, such as ivory, textiles, and their unique bronze castings
Suleiman the Magnificent
ruled the Ottomans as the empire reached the height of its power. The Ottomans controlled much of the water traffic between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean sea
Manumission
legal grant of freedom to an individual slave
Sikhism
started by Nanuk, who became the first Guru of Sikhism. Sikhism was a following of people who formed a community free of caste divisions
Encomenderos
Spanish settlers who were in charge of the natives working on the encomiendas
Section 3
(10 cards)