Go on. Explore!

lvl 0 • 0 xp

lvl 1

Home Market Decks Interests

Biology I - The Immune System Part I

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

(0)

21 cards

()

Section 1

Preview this deck

Give the site of development, maturation, major function, specificity, and if it is humoral or cell-mediated. T-cell

Front

1 / 21

0.0

0 reviews

5			0
4			0
3			0
2			0
1			0

Active users

All-time users

Favorites

Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (21)

Section 1

(21 cards)

Give the site of development, maturation, major function, specificity, and if it is humoral or cell-mediated. T-cell

Front

Bone marrow, thymus, coordinate immune response and directly kill cells, specific, and cell-mediated

Back

Give the site of development, maturation, major function, specificity, and if it is humoral or cell-mediated. B-cell

Front

Bone marrow, bone marrow (matured in spleen or lymph nodes), produce antibodies, specific, and humoral

Back

Eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells release what in response to allergens? What is the function of this?

Front

They release histamine, which causes inflammation by induced vasodilation and the movement of fluid (cells) from the bloodstream into the tissue.

Back

Where may one find a defensin? A lysozyme?

Front

Skin Tears and saliva

Back

What is the most important non-specific, non-cellular defense of the body?

Front

The integumentary system (skin)

Back

In general, the human body has two different divisions of the immune system. What are these and what are their broad functions?

Front

The adaptive and innate immunities Innate immunity utilizes defenders that are always active but cannot be specific Adaptive immunity is slower but maintain the ability to target and remember a specific pathogen

Back

The immune system is not composed of one organ; rather, there are multiple organs and areas that assist in the immune response. What are four of the most important areas and their functions?

Front

Lymph nodes - filter lymph and are a site where immune responses can be mounted Bone marrow - site of hematopoiesis where leukocytes are produced Thymus - site of T-cell maturation Spleen - storage area for blood, filters blood and lymph, and is where immune responses can be mounted

Back

T/F All nucleated cells in the body produce MHC-I proteins

Front

T

Back

T/F Interferons are proteins that prevent bacterial replication and dispersion by a variety of methods

Front

F They do this to VIRUSES, not bacteria

Back

When a bacterial cell enters a tissue, macrophages are activated. What are the three steps of its response? (+kinda fourth)

Front

Endocytosis of bacteria Enzymatic breakdown within the cell Protein major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) brings antigen to cell surface for recognition by adaptive immunity Cytokines, pro-inflammatory molecules, may also be released

Back

What are the two immune components of the GI tract?

Front

Acidity of stomach and bacteria living in the gut

Back

Why is the MHC-I pathway called the endogenous pathway?

Front

This pathway utilizes MHC-I to bring proteins to the surface of the cell from WITHIN the cell itself (virus or other intracellular pathogen)

Back

The specific (adaptive) immune response can be further divided into two other subdivisions. What are these subdivisions, and what is their purpose?

Front

Humoral immunity (driven by B-cells and antibodies) and cell-mediated immunity (driven by T-cells)

Back

What activates a neutrophil?

Front

Bacteria, specifically those that have been opsonized (marked with an antibody from a B-cell)

Back

The bone marrow is where hematopoietic stem cells can give rise to many different types of cells, including leukocytes. What are the two primary classes of leukocytes?

Front

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Back

Which cells are antigen presenting cells?

Front

Macrophages, dendritic cells in the skin, some B-cells, and some activated epithelial cells

Back

Why is the MHC-II pathway called the exogenous pathway?

Front

This pathway utilizes MHC-II in macrophages (monocytes) to degrade EXTERNAL substances and then presents their antigens on the cell surface.

Back

What are the subdivisions of granulocytes and agranulocytes?

Front

Granulocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils Agranulocytes - monocytes and lymphocytes

Back

Microglia in neurons, Langerhans in the skin, and osteoclasts in bone are what type of cells?

Front

Agranulocytes, monocytes that become macrophages

Back

A strategy used by foreign invaders often involves down-regulation of MHC to decrease adaptive response. How does the body respond to this?

Front

Natural killer (NK) cells, a non-specific lymphocyte, can detect this and induce apoptosis in the infected cells.

Back

What is the complement system of the innate immune response?

Front

Blood proteins lyse bacteria by creating holes, making them osmotically unstable

Back