Section 1
Preview this deck
purine
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
7 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (144)
Section 1
(50 cards)
purine
Double ringed bases (ex. A,G) that form 2 hydrogen bonds between pyrimadines
mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell
unsaturated fats
fatty acid chain with one or more double bonds which cause it to bend / kink
RNA
nucleic acid that functions to make proteins (ribose+PO4+AUCG)
neutrons
subatomic particles with NO charge but with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton; found in nucleus of an atom
C=O
Carbonyl functional group
isomers
Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures and therefore different properties
carbohydrates
macromolecules that include sugars
covalent bond
a strong chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
dehydration synthesis
reactions that connects a monomer to another monomer; (aka condensation reaction) and water is removed to from a disaccharide
compound
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements combined in a fixed ratio
electrons
a subatomic particle with a negative charge
polysaccharides
many sugars
lipids
-fats, oils, waxes -animals use for storage of energy, insulation, and water flow lubricant -plants use for cuticle/waxy layer for energy -nonpolar
CH3
Methyl functional group
chitin
-insects,crustacean,exoskeletons ,fungal cell -cant break down beta -nitrogen= durable sugar
electron shell
energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom
protons
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
energy
the capacity to cause change
essential elements
the 20-25% of natural elements that an organism needs to live a healthy life and reproduce.
polar
uneven distribution charge where one side is negative and the other side is positive
element
a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
universal solvent
water
Aldehyde
Carbonyl group at the end of a carbon skeleton
phospholipid bilayer
lipid that makes up cell membranes
nucleotide
sugar+phosphate+nitrogen base
matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
monosaccharides
1 sugar (ex. glucose)
NH2
amine/amino functional group
R group in Proteins
determines structure,sequence, and what bonds with what
peptide bond
amino group of one amino acid molecule combines with the acid group of another
disaccahride
2 sugars
cellulose
-chains of beta glucose -plant cell walls(strong) -undigestable(fiber)
starch
-chains of alpha glucoses(poly) -storage energy for plants, energy for animals -complex carb
trace elements
required by an organism in only minute quantities
PO4
phosphate (found in ATP and DNA)
pyrimadine
Single ringed bases (ex. T,C,U) that forms 3 hydrogen bonds between the purines C and G
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
glycerol
backbone in many fats
saturated fat
fatty acid chain that has hydrogen occupying every space possible
DNA
nucleic acid that is the genetic material of inheritance (deoxyribose+ PO4+ATCG)
adenine triphosphate
3 phosphates, 1 sugar, 1 purine
OH-
hydroxide ion
ATP
organic molecule that releases energy (aka cellular currency)
hydrolysis
process of disassembling polymers into monomers; opposite of dehydration synthesis
SH
sulfhydryl functional group found in amino acid such as Cysteine
COOH
carboxyl functional group
Ketone
carbonyl group within a carbon skeleton
atomic nucleus
An atom's dense central core, containing protons and neutrons.
Section 2
(50 cards)
buffer
substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions
hydration shell
the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion
solution
A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers)
atoms that differ in their spatial arrangements due to the inflexibility of double bonds
fat
A lipid consisting of three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule; also called a triacylglycerol or triglyceride.
hydronium ion
a water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it (H30+)
steroid
a lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings
capillary action
occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the sides of the tubes
functional group
group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton
equilibrium
steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system
Calorie
Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C
chemical bond
interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in the formation of molecules
kinetic energy
energy of motion
hydrogen ion (H+)
a single proton with a charge of 1+
chemical reaction
process leading to the rearrangement of atoms in molecules
acid
molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
macromolecules
A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
cohesion
intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension
reactant
arrow indicating conversation of starting materials
structural isomers
differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
mole
The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules.
temperature
a measure in degrees of the average thermal energy of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter
single bond
A single covalent bond; the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.
covalent bonds
the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
atom
the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element
enantiomers
isomers that are mirror images of each other
polar molecule
a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge
products
resulting materials
heat of vaporization
the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state
hydrophobic
Having no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
electron orbital
how electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where an electron is most likely to be found
cation
positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons
hydrogen bond
weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules
electron transfer
movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creation of ionic bonds
ionic compounds (salts)
- Compounds formed by ionic bonds. - Does not consist of molecules, only elements.
hydrocarbons
organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
Joule
unit of energy
ion
atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring change
electronegativity
ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms
base
molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
electron
negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of -1 unit
polar covalent bond
A covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.
solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
kilocalorie
1000 calories
dissociation
release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-
calorie
amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius
adhesion
the clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cell walls
anion
negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons
glycosidic linkage
A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
pH
measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14; solution with pH above 7 is basic and a pH below 7 is acidic
Section 3
(44 cards)