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OS 1 E 1 THINGS TO MEMORIZE

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Last updated

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (237)

Section 1

(50 cards)

level 3 nodes

Front

apical axillary nodes

Back

traction dimples

Front

caused by tumor growth in the breasts

Back

quandrangular space

Front

teres major, humerous, teres minor, long head of TB axillary nerve, circumflex humeral artery

Back

meningomyelocele

Front

spinal cord/roots are displaced

Back

levels I nodes

Front

anterior axillary nodes

Back

lateral horn

Front

houses cell bodies of preganglionic autonomic neurons

Back

contralateral rotation

Front

up and in

Back

ganglia

Front

location of afferent neuron cell bodies

Back

amniotic band syndrome

Front

clubfeet

Back

meromelia

Front

missing part of a limb

Back

GVE

Front

neurons relating motor innveration to viscera

Back

nuclei

Front

location of efferent neuron cell bodies

Back

synovial joints

Front

joints between vertebral arches

Back

myelocele

Front

complete failure in neurulation

Back

micromelia

Front

abnormally short limb

Back

amelia

Front

no limb

Back

meningocele

Front

dura-arachnoid proustion and CFS cyst

Back

frontal or coronal plane

Front

front and back plane

Back

fibrous lobar septa

Front

compartmentalizes the mammary tissue

Back

kyphosis

Front

accentuation of the thoracic curvative

Back

syndactyly

Front

fused fingers

Back

ipsilateral rotation

Front

up and out

Back

polydactyly

Front

extra fingers

Back

lobectomy

Front

removal of individual glandular lobes

Back

polythelia

Front

accessory nipples

Back

horizontal

Front

perpendicular to both sagittal and coronal planes

Back

paresthesia

Front

tingling/prickling

Back

pronation

Front

turning of the palm posteriorly

Back

ventral horn

Front

houses cell bodies of spinal motor neurons

Back

Dorsal horn

Front

houses cell bodies of interneurons

Back

nucleus pulposus

Front

remanant of the notochord

Back

GSE

Front

neurons relaying motor innveration to skeletal muscle derived from myotomes

Back

spina bifida occulta

Front

small neural arch defect

Back

symphyseal joints

Front

joints between vertebral bodies

Back

triangular space

Front

teres major, teres minor, long head of TB circumflex scapular artery

Back

GSA

Front

neurons relaying general sensation and muscle proprioception from the body wall and limbs

Back

scoliosis

Front

later deviation of the vertebral column

Back

anulus fibrosus

Front

derived from sclerotome

Back

modified radical mastrectomy

Front

breasts, axillary nodes

Back

herniated disc

Front

abnormal displacement of the nucleus pulposus causing abnormal bulging of the disc as a whole

Back

Median or sagittal plane

Front

left and right plane

Back

polymastia

Front

accessory mammary gland

Back

transverse or cross-sectional

Front

perpendicular to the long axis of a structure

Back

retromammary space

Front

a zone of loose connective tissue between glandular tissue and the underlying deep fascia

Back

lordosis

Front

accentuation of either of the secondary curvatures

Back

radical mastectomy

Front

removes skin, nipple, breast tissue, fat, lympahatics, pec major, and muscle fasciae

Back

supination

Front

turning of the palm anteriorly

Back

level 2 nodes

Front

central axillary nodes

Back

Cooper's Drop

Front

loss of tensile properties of the suspensory ligaments that results in the sagging of breasts

Back

GVA

Front

neurons relaying general sensation from viscera

Back

Section 2

(50 cards)

FSH and LH

Front

secretion of sex hormones

Back

wrist drop

Front

radial nerve disorder

Back

hypoesthesia

Front

deminished sensation

Back

paracine

Front

signaling molecules only affect target cells in close proximity to secreting cell

Back

claw hand

Front

ulnar nerve disorder

Back

Calcitonin

Front

lowers Ca2+ concentration in blood

Back

eledin

Front

keratin granules in the stratum lucidum

Back

Aldosterone

Front

reabsorb Na+

Back

renin

Front

stimulates secretion of aldosterone

Back

birbeck or vermiform granules

Front

found in Langerhans Cells

Back

oxytocin

Front

labor contractions, orgasm, milk ejection, bonding effect

Back

shoulder disorcation

Front

glenohumeral joint

Back

Melatonin

Front

regulates circadium rhythm

Back

nursemaid's elbow

Front

dislocation of the head of the radius from the anular ligament

Back

ape hands

Front

median nerve disorder

Back

Trichohyalin

Front

keratin of the hair

Back

Norpinephrine

Front

fight or flight

Back

waiters-tip posture

Front

upper trunk lesion

Back

Anagen

Front

hair growing phase

Back

Lanugo Hair

Front

fetal hair

Back

Cortisol

Front

stress

Back

humeral mech

Front

response to levels of ions and nutrients

Back

ACTH

Front

secretion of aldosterone, cortisol, and testoserone

Back

Addison's Disease

Front

adrenal gland fails to produce corticosteriods

Back

winged scapula

Front

long thoracic nerve disorder

Back

phenomelanine

Front

red hair pigment

Back

Catagen

Front

hair regression phase

Back

MSH

Front

produces pigments

Back

erythopoietin

Front

increases RBS production

Back

GH

Front

growth and repair

Back

bursitis

Front

inflamation of bursa

Back

endorcine

Front

ligands released by endorcine cells and carried in bloodstream to distal target cell

Back

neuronal mech

Front

stimulation by nerves

Back

Telogen

Front

hair resting phase

Back

autocrine

Front

cell responds to substances that they themselves release

Back

anesthesia

Front

absence of sensation

Back

shoulder separation

Front

acromicoclavicular joint

Back

ADH

Front

water retention

Back

Paunimain corpuscles

Front

deep skin mechanoreceptors

Back

Cushing's Syndrome

Front

over production of ACTH

Back

Epinephrine

Front

fight or flight

Back

tennis elbow

Front

lateral epicondylitis

Back

Thyroxin

Front

induces secretion of T3 and T4

Back

TSH

Front

secretion of thyroxine

Back

PTH

Front

increases blood Ca2+

Back

Acromegaly

Front

over production of GH

Back

hormonal

Front

response to other hormone

Back

Atrial Natriuretic peptide

Front

kidneys secerete salt

Back

little league shoulder

Front

proximal humeral epiphyseolysis, widneing of olecranon epiphysis

Back

Meissner's Corpuscles

Front

skin receptors near surface

Back

Section 3

(50 cards)

Afterload

Front

aortic pressure

Back

6th pair of aortic arches

Front

left- left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus right- right pulmonary artery

Back

Diabetes Insipidus

Front

kidneys don't reabsorb water, hyposecretion of ADH

Back

Preload

Front

EDV, muscle length at rest

Back

Gs

Front

stimulates adenylate cyclase

Back

cardiac output

Front

total volume ejected per minute

Back

Pericarditis

Front

inflammation of the pericardium chest pain

Back

methacholine

Front

muscarinic agonist

Back

PNMT

Front

converts Norepiphrine to Epiphrine

Back

umbilical veins

Front

ligamentum teres hapatis

Back

turbulent flow

Front

streams mix

Back

1-3 pair of aortic arches

Front

arteries of head and neck

Back

LUB

Front

closure of AV valves

Back

Stroke Volume

Front

volume ejected from ventricle per beat

Back

Cretinism

Front

hypothyroidism shortly after death

Back

Grave's Disease

Front

hypothyroidism, antibodies attack

Back

systole

Front

contraction

Back

Myexdema

Front

hypothyroidism

Back

hexamthonium

Front

nicotinic antagonist

Back

G12

Front

regulates ion channels

Back

HRE

Front

short DNA sequences that binds to a receptor and acts as a transcription factor, occurs in multiple copies in enhancer region

Back

Methacholine Test

Front

Muscarinic Agonist SLUD

Back

dwarfism

Front

not enough GH in childhood

Back

Epiphrine

Front

alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2

Back

ductus venosus

Front

ligamentum venosum

Back

umbilical arteries

Front

medial umbilical ligament

Back

ejection fraction

Front

fraction of EDV ejected per beat proportional to contractility

Back

non-genomic

Front

steriod binds to cell-surface receptors to activate signaling pathways

Back

Diabetes mellitus

Front

increase in blood glucose

Back

diastole

Front

relaxation

Back

ductus venosus

Front

shunt between umbilical vein and inferior vena cava bypasses the liver

Back

4th pair of aortic arches

Front

left- arch of aorta right- right subclavian artery

Back

ductus arteriosus

Front

shunt between pulmonary trunk and aorta

Back

DUB

Front

closure of semi-lunar valve

Back

Gq

Front

stimulate Phospholipase C

Back

Norepiphrine

Front

alpha-1 and beta-1

Back

M1, M3, and M5

Front

contraction, IP3-DAG, Increase Ca2+

Back

foramen ovale

Front

fossa ovalis

Back

foramen ovale

Front

shunt between right and left atrium shunts mixed oxygen/deoxygen blood

Back

negative inotropic effects

Front

decrease contractility parasympathetic

Back

positive inotropic effects

Front

increase contractility, sympathetic, cardiac glycosides

Back

5th pair of aortic arches

Front

degenerate

Back

genomic

Front

steriod binds to things that are transcription factors inside the cell

Back

Gi

Front

inhibits adenylate cyclase

Back

M2 and M4

Front

relaxation or inhibition, decrease cAMP, decreaes Ca2+ and increase K+

Back

Gigantism

Front

too much GH in childhood

Back

Goiter

Front

iodine deficiency

Back

laminar flow

Front

stream lined

Back

ductus arteriosus

Front

ligamentum arteriosum

Back

atripone

Front

muscarinic antagonist

Back

Section 4

(50 cards)

autoregulation

Front

maintenance of constant BF in the face of changing pressure

Back

angina pectoris

Front

inadequate BF to the heart myocardial ischemia

Back

myogenic mechanism

Front

vascular smooth muscle contracts when stretched

Back

MRI

Front

magnetic field aligns H+ in tissues no radation

Back

QRS

Front

depolarization of ventricles, triggering main pumping contractions

Back

heat exhaustion

Front

occurs in elevated air temp causes vasodilation and sweating

Back

T

Front

ventricular repolarization

Back

evaporation

Front

losing heat through conversion of water to gas

Back

potassium

Front

vasodilation

Back

conduction

Front

losing heat through physical interaction

Back

Progress zone

Front

rapid cell division without differentiation Secretes FGF-10

Back

Active hyperemia

Front

increase in BF in response to increase metabolic activity

Back

heat stroke

Front

body temperature increases to a point of tissue damage

Back

adenosine

Front

vasodilation

Back

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)

Front

induces Hox d expression Induced by retinoic acid deteremines which Hox d genes are produced induces FGF-4 expression

Back

PR wave

Front

delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles

Back

Hox d

Front

gives rise to specific structures in the limb

Back

Apical ectodermal redige

Front

secretes FGF-8 and FGF-4 maintains progress zone required for limb bud outgrowth

Back

Coronary insufficiency

Front

caused by coronary artery disease

Back

aspirin

Front

cyclooxygenase inhibitor reducing body temperature

Back

hypoxia

Front

induces pulmonary vascoconstriction

Back

Reactive hyperemia

Front

increase in BF in response to a previous reduction in BF

Back

protons

Front

vasodilation

Back

FGF-4

Front

proximodistal posterior AER maintains proliferation and inhibits differentiation in PZ induced by shh

Back

nitroglycerin

Front

dilates coronary arteries

Back

red flare

Front

arteriolar dilation

Back

En1

Front

ventral signal inhibits Wnt-7a expression

Back

malignant hyperthermia

Front

increase in metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, and heat production in skeletal muscle heat dissipating mechanisms cannot keep pace

Back

Carbon dioxide

Front

vasodilation

Back

P wave

Front

depolarization of atria in response to the SA node triggering

Back

Digital Radiology

Front

digital film used with x rays

Back

CT Scan

Front

special x ray that gives a 3D cross section lots of radiation

Back

Wnt 7a

Front

dorsal signal important in AER formation

Back

pyrogens

Front

causes fever

Back

metabolic mechanism

Front

oxygen delivery equals oxygen consumption

Back

red line

Front

capillary dilation

Back

r-fng

Front

inhibited by En1

Back

convection

Front

losing heat through movement of air or water over body

Back

Zone of Polarizing Activity

Front

encodes posterior positional information induces Shh

Back

chronic hypoxic vasoconstrction

Front

elevated pulmonary pressure

Back

wheal

Front

local edema caused by vasodilation of arterioles and vasconstriction of veins

Back

Retonoic Acid

Front

stimulates Shh production

Back

FGF-10

Front

proximodistal PZ maintains AER structure and function

Back

radiation

Front

heat loss through IR rays

Back

FGF-8

Front

proximodistal produced by AER maintains proliferation and inhibits differentiation in PZ maintained by FGF-10

Back

Lmx1

Front

dorsoventral induced by Wnt7a specifies dorsal structure

Back

ST

Front

beginning of ventricular repolarization

Back

shivering

Front

rhythmic contraction of skeletal muscle

Back

oxygen

Front

vasoconstriction

Back

Fluoroscopy

Front

real-time visualization

Back

Section 5

(37 cards)

V2 antidiuretic hormone receptor

Front

found in renal collecting ducts water reabsoprtion maintains fliud osmolarity

Back

Arrector Pili Muscles

Front

muscles that induce the secretion of sebum responsible for goosebumps

Back

Brain Natriurectic Peptide

Front

a hormone that comfirms there is a heart failure problem produced by over stretching and enlarged hearts

Back

ventricular shunt lesion

Front

commonest shunt lesion left to right results in a step up of saturations in the pulmonary artery as compared to the right atrium increased pulmonary blood flow, feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, cardiomegaly, murmur, no cyanosis

Back

Sweat glands

Front

glands that found everywhere in the body deep and coiled

Back

Sebaceous glands

Front

glands that secrete sebum attached to hair follicles all over the body expect for palms of hands and feet responsible for acne

Back

Tetraology of Fallot

Front

pulmonary stenosis ventricular spetal defect overriding aorta right ventricular hypertrophy

Back

right ventricle

Front

coarsely trabeculated septal surface valve attachments to ventricular septum

Back

Kerley's B lines

Front

a sign of plumonary edema on an X-ray; suggestive for a diagnosis of congestive heart failure

Back

shunt leasion

Front

a place where red and blue blood mix

Back

Errecrine glands

Front

secrete water-y sweat respond to heat

Back

left ventricle

Front

smooth wall fine trabeculae valve with no septal attachments

Back

nitrates

Front

a type of heart failure drug that decreases the EDP but does not increase CO causes wedge pressure

Back

Bohr Effect

Front

as partial pressure of oxygen increases, the percent saturation also increases

Back

heart failure

Front

inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the body's basic metabolic demands, or does so only with an elevated filling pressure

Back

digoxin

Front

a drug that improves the symptoms of heart failure because it is a weak inotrope does not cure heart failure

Back

Eisenmenger's Syndrome

Front

sever pulmonary vascular disease from a long standing unrestrictive shunt clinical cyanosis, polycythemia, and clubbing

Back

Angiotensin II

Front

increases secretion of aldosterone

Back

atrial septal defect

Front

blood shunting to right TV pumps at normal pressure problems in the closing of the foramen ovale

Back

dilated heart

Front

caused from systolic heart failure

Back

Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)

Front

most commonly used human vascular endothelial cell in research

Back

bicuspid aortic valve defect

Front

fusion between two of the three aortic valve cusps most common congenital heart defect

Back

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Front

CHD where there is a very very small LV

Back

beta-blockers

Front

a type of drug that helps attack the exessive increase in neuronal stimulation to the heat negative inotrope, but takes the stress off the heart

Back

Starling's Law of the Heart

Front

change in SV in response to changes in VR

Back

prostacyclin

Front

modifies newborn pulmonary vascular resistance inhibits clotting and vasodilation

Back

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Front

innervates the aortic arch baroreceptors

Back

Pulmonary edema

Front

leads to fluid in the lungs due to a high blood pressure

Back

Apocrine glands

Front

glands that become active at puberty large, deep, and produce thick secretion makes a smell respond to stress and sexual activity

Back

digitalis

Front

a positive intropic drug

Back

precapillary sphincters

Front

smooth muscle that precedes capillaries

Back

ventricular septal defect

Front

left-to-right shunt lesion

Back

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Front

innervates the carotid sinus

Back

V1 Antidiurectic hormone receptor

Front

found in vascular smooth tissue vasoconstriction of arterioles and increases TPR

Back

Patent Ductus Arterious

Front

caused by PGE2 and PGI2 derived form the 6th brachial arch vessel problems in the closing of the ductus arteriosus

Back

Losartan

Front

inhibits angiotensin II

Back

hypertrophied heart

Front

caused from diastolic heart failure

Back