Section 1
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beliefs
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (209)
Section 1
(50 cards)
beliefs
cultural teachings of practice and values that are handed down for generations; deep
life expectancy
average number of years a person born in a given year is expected to live
physical environment
thought of as that which can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, and tasted
cultural interventions
achieved when health-care info is presented in a way that includes specific cultural styles, colors, pictures, symbol, and so forth, that add credibility to the content by reflecting cultural values
Leading Health Indicators
selected high priority issues
determinants of health
range of social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
cultural relativism
concept that normality comes from the standard social practices of a specific culture
accreditation
process by which an institution is recognized as meeting specific predetermined standards of care
acculturation
adjustment to a new culture, results in differences in practice within the same cultural group
social environment
interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community
Facebook depression
common term used for the teen who overuses social networking to the point of altering sleep and eating habits and isolating himself from peers and family, eventually succumbing general depression
family
basic social system that involves commitment and interaction among its members
health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
provide care for prepaid members
nurse practice acts
defines the scope of practice for nurses within that state
cultural competence
awareness of, acceptance of , and respect for beliefs, values, traditions, and practice that are different form one's own
culture
set of learned values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors that is shared by a common group and is passed through generations of family
behaviors
individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions
cultural assimilation
process by which members of a specific culture group lose the characteristics of that group and adapt practices of another group
Federal Register
federal legislation concerning health care which is recorded and published
cultural stereotyping
assumption that all the people in one culture behave the same way and believe the same thing
health status
evaluating specific details of the determinants of health
homeopathy
the use of minute proportions of naturally occurring chemicals for their healing power
complementary medicine
therapies that are used together with Western therapies
stereotyping
all people from a specific cultural or ethnic group behave or believe the same way
plan of care
developed as a tool for multidisciplinary communication and can be an individual patient plan of care, a family plan of care, or a hospital care path
cultural sensitivity
observing and demonstrating knowledge or culturally appropriate verbal language, body language, use of personal space, and gestures of respect towards family members
preferred provider organizations (PPOs)
contract with professionals to provide care to a specific group of patients at an agreed-on fee-for-service rate
informed consent
the nurse is responsible to sign as a witness that a patient has received info regarding risks, advantages, and alternatives available for a planned procedure in a language understood by the patient
developmental stage
period in life characterized by the mastery of specific skills or behaviors
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
requires standards of safety to be maintained by employers to protect the health and safety of employees and mandates the reporting of injuries sustained by workers
cultural care
consists of health-promotion activities initiated by a culturally competent health-care worker
Medicaid
benefits are provided on a basis of need or poverty
ethnocentric
believing their culture, beliefs, and values to be superior to others
Healthy People 2020
an evidence based 10 year report card describing health care accomplishments within the United States from the years 2000 to 2010
infant mortality rate
number of deaths that occur before 1 year of age per 1000 live births
political action committees (PACs)
influence legislation by offering monetary contributions to legislators who support their needs and by providing lobbying efforts to create and awareness of needed legislation
Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC)
enables traveling nurses to function in multiple states
managed care organizations (MCOs)
attempt to standardize and control costs of health care
scope of practice
identification of and legal limitations to the usual and customary skills practiced by a professional
alternative medicine
therapies that are used instead of Western medical care
blended family
one or both spouses bring children from previous relationship into a new family unit
culture shock
effect of a sudden, drastic change in the cultural environment of an individual or family
ethnicity
cultural pattern shared by people with the same cultural heritage
standards of practice
foundations of laws related to consumer protection
values
deep feelings about what is right or wrong, good or bad; most personal values are learned in childhood and are influenced by culture
Medicare
benefits are received after contributions are maid through payroll deductions
cultural awareness
recognizing the history of patients' ancestry or culture and how their customs influence the handling of problems, issues, or teachings
dysfunctional family
a family that does not offer consistency of members or rules, may exhibit poor interpersonal relationships among its members, deals poorly with conflicts and problems, and often cannot reach out to the community for help
biology
individual's genetic makeup
developmental task
competency or skill that helps a person cope with the environment or advance personal development
Section 2
(50 cards)
behavioral theories
designed to explain the development of specific behaviors and suggest their relationships to other developing social skills
classical conditioning
pairing things in the environment
monozygotic
identical twins: one single fertilized ovum separates into 2 separate embryos
genetic code
carry info about all the proteins within the cell that will determine the characteristics that will be inherited by the newborn
genetic counseling
communication between a geneticist (a specialist in inherited conditions) and the parents to discuss the risk of their infant inheriting genes that could result in an abnormality
moral reasoning
development of a set of rules that enables a person to differentiate right from wrong; based on perception and integration of these rules
operant conditioning
involves behavioral consequences such as a reward or punishment
gene therapy
placing a therapeutic gene on the back of a virus vector
defense mechanism
reaction that is protective to the individual or helps conceals conflicts or anxieties
Electra anxiety
little girls compete with their mothers for the love and attention of their fathers
virus vector
virus that has the ability to enter specific cells in the body
mutated
variations that can be abnormal
looking-glass self
self image is formed through 3 steps: 1) imagining how we portray ourselves to others; 2) imagining how others evaluating us; 3) combining these impressions to formulate a self concept or idea of what we are like
autonomy
independence; self-direction
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
witnessing parental violence or any event that causes upheaval or disruption of family life
extrovert
outgoing person who focuses on others in the environment
egrossment
intense focus on the newborn
attachment
refers to an affectionate tie that occurs over time as a result of parent-infant interaction
psychodynamic theories
focus on personality-trait development of thinking
humanist theories
describe the influence of human experiences such as love and attachment on behavior and personality development
gestation
fetal life
en face
mother positions her baby to provide close face-to-face interaction to promote bonding
fetus
developing baby
gestational diabetes
diabetes that occur during pregnancy
dominant gene
will overpower a recessive gene most of the time
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation and abnormal facial features
sexting
sending or receiving sexually explicit text messages or pictures
coping skill
behavior that helps an individual adapt to or manage a stressful situation
sibling rivalry
competition or struggle between 2 or more children in a family; usually for parental attention and love
Apgar score
rating of heart, respiration, muscle tone, color, and reflex irritability
information-processing theory
info is input, is processed mentally, and is then followed by an output of judgment and decision making
genome
complete set of DNA that is contained in all cells
social-learning theory
involves exposure to and imitation of a behavior
chromosome
a thread of protein and DNA that is contained in the nucleus of every cell
behaviorist theory
learning and interaction with the environment is the center of development
ectopic pregnancy
the zygote does not move freely through the Fallopian tube, its increasing size will rupture the Fallopian tube
Oedipus complex
little boys compete with their fathers for the love and attention of their mothers
syndrome
group of symptoms or signs of an abnormal condition
theory
group of concepts that forms the basis for understanding observations
multifetal
twins, triplets, quadruplets, and so on
family systems theory
based on the understanding that family functions are interconnected
viable
able to survive outside the uterus
neonatal
period of first 30 days of life
allele
pairs of genes from both the mother and father
cognitive theories
advancement of the development of theories
introvert
quiet person who focuses inwardly on self
ceophalocaudal
progression of growth pattern that proceeds head to toe
bonding
refers to a strong emotional tie between parents and the newborn
dizygotic
fraternal twins: occur when 2 ova are released at ovulation, and each ovum is fertilized by a separate sperm
sociocultural theories
how culture influences behavior
Section 3
(50 cards)
dental caries
cavities
exercise
consists of specifically planned and structured repetitive activities
clique
social group with a fixed exclusive membership, whose members share similar interests, values, and tastes
pincer grasp
by age 1, toddler should have ability to pick up small objects with the thumb and forefinger
ejaculation
release of a sperm during an orgasm
menstrual cycle
1) maturing of the egg in ovary 2) formation of blood and mucus along the lining of the uterus 3) ovulation 4) expelling the unfertilized egg with the blood and mucus lining from the uterus
growth
increase in size, measured by inches (centimeters) and points (kilograms)
norms
guidelines concerning the ages of at which specific abilities or skills are achieved
cognitive style
pattern of thought and reasoning
asynchronous
different parts of the body mature at different times, possibly resulting in the temporary appearance of awkwardness
oropharynx
back of the throat
separation anxiety
begins at 6 months of age, peaks at 9 months
expressive
can say it
personality
unique combo of characteristics that result in the individual's recurrent pattern of behavior
parallel play
2 year old; s/he plays next to a friend but does not interact with the friend
abstinence
avoid sexual intercourse
object permanence
knowing the object is there even though one cannot see it
social cognition
interact better with peers and can enhance their self-concept
age- appropriate toys
toys that are safe and promote the cognitive and motor development of the specific age group
preschool phase
2 to 6 years of age
adolescence
bridge between childhood and adulthood; early adolescence (10-12), middle adolescence (14-16), late adolescence (17-20)
middle childhood
6 to 12 years old
preverbal
first year of life
immunity
body's resistance to disease-causing organisms
moral behaviors
actions based on moral behaviors
puberty
sexual maturity or having the functional ability to reproduce and involves physical and psychological changes
cooperative play
3 to 4 year old; group of children can cooperate by acting out a scene together or by building a tower of blocks together
nonverbal language
language of the motions, postures, and gestures of the body; learned as part of communication
empathy
understanding how others feel
spermatogenesis
production of the sperm
corporal punishment
spanking, hitting, or inflicting pain to stop or alter behavior
menarche
first menstrual period
mnemonic technique
rhyme for remembering things
ovulation
one of the eggs finally matures and is released from the ovary
vigorous exercise
at least 20 minutes of exercise that causes sweating or breathing hard
pincer action
enables the infant to grasp with the thumb and finger
length
measured while the infant is lying down
infant
4 weeks to 1 year
nocturnal emissions
"wet dreams"; ejaculate during sleep
toddler phase
1 to 2 years of age
ordinal position
whether the infant is an only child, an oldest child, a youngest child, or a middle child
receptive
can understand it
secondary sex characteristics
not involved in the reproductive process but appear at this time
latchkey children
those who are left unsupervised after school, because both parents work, and members of the extended family are not available to care for the children
nursing caries
cavities that occur when the infant is put to bed while sucking on milk or juice from a bottle
development
indicates an increase in function and mastery of tasks for the specific phase of the lifespan
plaque
sticky, transparent mass of bacteria that grows on surface of teeth and spreads to the roots
time-out
response to unacceptable behavior is effective for children between the ages of 1 to 6 years
discipline
guiding, teaching, or correcting of behavior, not punishment
early childhood
1 to 6 years of age
Section 4
(50 cards)
palliative care
defined by WHO as the "active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative therapy"
ageism
people of advanced old age are avoided
elder abuse
infliction of harm or neglect through actions or acts of omission
relatedness
a sense of belonging
Alzheimer's disease
involves loss of memory, disorientation, loss of the ability to communicate and function in social situations
vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)
controversial topic (idk)
middle adulthood
40-60 years of age
assisted suicide
action of a person other than the patient to facilitate suicide
late adulthood
65-74 years of age
physical activity
daily activities that use energy such as dog walking or gardening
"empty nest syndrome"
grown children start to leave home for the first time and may increase the feelings of isolation
transitional phase
choices are reviewed and reevaluated, and changes may made
free radical
one ion breaks off and is no longer paired
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
damage of this can cause ectopic pregnancy
competence
effective interactions
apoptosis
the membrane surrounding the cell breaks down
polypharmacy
ingestion of multiple medications in one day
durable power of attorney for health care
type of advance directive that transfers the health-care decision-making power to a person designated to the patient
climacteric
time in life in which hormonal changes result in cessation of the reproductive ability in the female and a corresponding decrease in sexual activity in the male
therapeutic communication
involves accepting the patient's emotional outbursts and expressions of anger and encouraging venting and verbalization
immune theory
the end result is that the body's immune response is impaired which causes the aging person to be more susceptible to variety of illnesses or infections
atrophy
decrease in size; neurons atrophy during the aging process, and the transmission of impulses to the brain becomes sluggish
sexuality
involves beliefs and behaviors that surround physiological responses, emotions, and sociocultural values
geriatrics
study of rapidly expanding age group and has become a specialty in the health-care field
activities of daily living (ADLs)
bathing, brushing, dressing, and eating may need for the patient to be in a nursing home or long-term care facility
intimacy
one of the major tasks for adulthood; ability to develop a warm, trusting, honest relationship with another person with whom it is safe to be open and express and share private thoughts
senescence
a period in an older adult's life in which the body begins to age and weaken
generativity
contributing in a positive way to family or community
assistive devices
walkers, canes, respiratory equipment, hearing aids, and electronic emergency-response devices
menopause
cessation of the menstrual period caused by hormonal changes in the body
biological clock
during apoptosis, the debris is phagocytized (eaten) by surrounding cellular materials
Advance health care directives (AHCDs)
used to inform health-care providers and family members of the wishes of the patient as related to the level of lifesaving measures or heroics to be used when the patient is near death and is unable to communicate
midlife crisis
may fear the inevitability of their own mortality which may lead to despair; try to make up for lost opportunities of the past or challenge the inevitability of the future
testicular self-examination (TSE)
examining testicles to prevent testicular cancer and other diseases
sandwich generation
must handle increased financial and emotional responsibilities related to their children and their older and possibly dependent parents
wear-and-tear theory
human body wears out and breaks down
reproductive health
health of the reproductive organs in all persons
disengagement
removing emotional attachments to people, places, and objects which is part of the natural aging process
postformal operational thought
process of integrating various points of view to develop knowledge and understanding
intimate partner violence (IPV)
domestic violence psychologically, physically, sexually, financially, and socially
hospice care
program that supports the patient and family through the dying process and helps the survivors through the period of bereavement
euthanasia
intentional act (such as lethal injections of drug) which causes death
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
the major causes of PID
hysterectomy
removal of the uterus
osteoporosis
thinning of the bone
identity accommodation
changing the concept of one's own identity to fit reality, rather than what was dreamed
stagnation
total concern for self and denial of the developmental process
young adulthood
20-40 years of age
hot flashes
may result when the capillaries dilate and blood rushes to the skin surface; body feels warm, the woman may sweat, and then vasoconstriction occurs and the woman feels cold
structure
each "season of life" has a structure that is separated by transitional periods
Section 5
(9 cards)