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AP Biology Chapter 5

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Section 1

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paracrine

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Biology Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (15)

Section 1

(15 cards)

paracrine

Front

Local Signaling. A secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator into the extracellular fluid. Ex: Growth Factors.

Back

reception

Front

The target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell.

Back

signal transduction pathway

Front

The process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response.

Back

G-protein-linked receptor

Front

A plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G-protein.

Back

second messengers

Front

Small, non-protein water soluble molecules or ions that send messages throughout the cells by diffusion.

Back

protein kinase

Front

The enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein.

Back

response

Front

The transduced signal finally triggers a specific cellular response.

Back

ligand-gated ion channel

Front

Type of membrane receptor that has a region that can act as a "gate" when the receptor changes shape.

Back

hormones

Front

Circulating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells.

Back

endocrine

Front

Long distance signaling. Signals sent into blood stream, message may reach all body cells.

Back

receptor tyrosine kinase

Front

A receptor with enzymatic activity that can trigger more than one signal transduction pathway at once, helping the cell regulate and coordinate many aspects of cell growth and reproduction.

Back

cyclic AMP

Front

cAMP (a second messenger) activates another protein, usually protein kinase A, leading to cellular response.

Back

ligand

Front

A molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one.

Back

synaptic

Front

Local Signaling. Occurs in animal nervous system, nerve releases neurotransmitter molecules into synapse, stimulating target cell.

Back

transduction

Front

The binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way.

Back