Unaccompanied vocal singing (either solo or in a group)
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The number of parts in Pygmy vocal music
Front
Up to four parts
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Liquindi
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Water drumming
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Improvisation
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Small formulas that can be changed by the performer. In African music the transformations are slow.
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Countries in East Africa
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Zimbabwe
Uganda
Kenya
Tanzania
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Ud
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String instrument from North Africa.
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Gonkogui
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Hand bell with a high and low tone
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Sakara
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Hand held drum from West Africa
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Balafon
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Type of xylophone from Senegal (West Africa).
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Countries in North Africa, the Nile Valley and the Horn of Africa
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Egypt
Morocco
Ethiopia
Somalia.
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Ostinato
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A repeated pattern (can be melodic or rhythmic)
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Kora
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21 string lute-harp.
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Music from South Africa
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A Cappella vocal singing - two styles which are Isicathamiya and Mbube.
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Akadinda
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The Ugandan xylophone - a percussion instrument with wooden bars.
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What scale is Pygmy music based on?
Front
The Minor pentatonic scale
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Doumbek and its main sounds
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North African drum (originally from the Middle east) Dum = bass tone and Tek = high ringing sound.
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Vocal techniques used in Pygmy music
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Slides, grunts, groans and yodels for expression
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Djembe
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West African drum - it has 3 distinct tones and comes in various sizes.
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West African High Life Music
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Popular in 1950's-1960's; African drums, Latin American rhythms, and American/Europen Big Band
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Shekere
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Beads or seeds are sewn into a netting that loosely covers a large hollow gourd. It is played by striking it on a hand or leg in various patterns or shook and hit to create a deeper tone.
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Melisma
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More than one note sung on one syllable - used in North African vocal music.
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Function of music in African culture
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Music is integrated into everyday life; music for all occasions and events; communal music making; secular and sacred songs
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Polyrhythm
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Two or more rhythms played at the same time.
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Countries in West Africa
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Nigeria
Ghana
Gambia
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Famous vocal group from South Africa
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Ladysmith Black Mambazo
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Call and response
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A melody sung by one singer is responded to, or echoed by one or more singers.
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Pentatonic scale
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5 note scale used a lot in North African music.
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African Pop Music
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West African High Life Music
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Purpose of instruments in African culture
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Telling stories and teaching history
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Interlocking melodies
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2 or more instruments play diverse melodies that are independent and yet fit together.
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Bira
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In Zimbabwe, musicians play hypnotic music to bring about the spirits during a community dance
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Dundun
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Talking drum drum that is able to imitate speech patterns - used to communicate between villages or tribes.
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Hemiola
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Three-against-two cross-rhythm used in African music.