Section 1
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What are the distinct characteristics of matter?
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Section 1
(50 cards)
What are the distinct characteristics of matter?
It has mass and it occupies space.
How do the particles move in a liquid?
The particles in a liquid are free to move.
An 11.0L sample of a Gas is collected at 276K and then cooled by 14K. The pressure is held constant at 1.20atm. Calculate the new volume of the gas.
10.4L
Describe the shape and volume of a solid.
Definite shape and definite volume.
N2 vs. O2— Where would the attraction be closer?
N2: 28g O2: 32g Closer to O2 because N2 is lighter and travels faster.
If a 1.23L sample of a Gas at 53.0 torr is put under pressure up to a value of 240. Torr at a constant temperature, what is the new volume?
0.272L
HCl vs. NH3— where would the attraction be closer?
HCl: 36 g/mol NH3: 17 g/mol Closer to HCl because NH3 is lighter & travels faster
Define crystalline.
Where a regular, ordered, repeatable 3-D Structure of particles is found.
What is the assumption that gases are composed of tiny particles?
Whose size is negligible.
What is the equation for the root mean square speed?
Urms = _/3RT/M
The pressure on a 411mL sample of gas is decreased from 812mmHg to 790mmHg. What will the new volume of the gas be?
422mL
Engineers/scientists can't use PV=nRT at high pressure to predict __________________? Answers would be __________________?
Properties of gases; incorrect
Describe the shape and volume of a liquid.
Have no shape of their own but take the shape of their container. A liquid has a definite volume.
If 2.11g of neon gas occupies a volume of 12.0L at 28.0C. What volume will 6.58g of neon occupy under the same conditions?
37.3L
3.00L of Carbon monoxide gas at a pressure of 199. kPa, And 1.00L of carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 300. kPa are injected into a 1.25L container. Assuming no reaction between the two gases, what is the total pressure in this container?
717.6kPa
A Gas has no definite ___________________ and will expand to ______________?
Shape or volume; fill as much space as possible
For the ideal gas law, describe the particles.
They do not attract one another (they act independently)
What is the equation for the ideal gas law?
PV=nRT
A Gas has volume of 0.572L at 35.0C and 1.00atm pressure. What is the temperature inside a container where this gas has a volume of 0.535L at 1.00atm?
288K
Assuming ideal behavior, how many moles of helium gas are in a sample that has a volume of 8.12L at a temperature of 0.00C and a pressure of 1.20 atm?
0.435mol
As a result of the large amount of empty space in a volume of gas, gases are ____________________?
Easily compressed
A Gas exerts a pressure of 900mmHg at 20C. What temperature would be required to lower the pressure to 1.00atm?
247K
How do the particles move in a Gas?
The particles in a Gas spread apart filling all the space of the container available to them.
*The Assumption that the forces of attraction or repulsion between two particles in a Gas are very weak or negligible begins to fail. — Low temperature means less energy, so the particles are attracted to one another more* — What does this mean?
Temporary induced dipoles!
The root-mean-square-speed of the velocities of gas particles is _______________?
The square root of the averages of the square of the speeds of all the particles a sample at a particular temperature
What must the R be in the root mean square speed equation?
8.314kgm^2/s^2molK
Describe the shape and volume of gases.
Have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
In Van Der Waals equation, what does the b stand for?
Relatively large gas particles would have correspondingly relatively large values since they take up a larger volume (volume)
How do the particles move in a solid?
The particles in a solid are packed tightly together and only vibrate gently around fixed positions.
Gases are made up of particles that have what kind of energy?
(Relatively) large amounts
Convert 830 torr to atmospheres
1.09 atm
A 13.1L sample of 0. 502 moles of 02 is held under conditions of 1.00atm and 25C. If all of the O2 is then converted to ozone (O3) what will be the volume of ozone?
8.74L
A pressure is what?
Exerted when the gas particles collide with the walls of any container it is held in.
What is the universal gas constant (R)?
0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1
A Gas at 25C In a closed container has its pressure raised from 150. atm To 160. atm. What is the final temperature of the gas?
318K
*These assumptions do have limitations. For example, gases can be liquified if cooled enough. This means "real" gas particles do attract one another to some extent; otherwise the particles would never stick to one another and therefore never condense to form a liquid.*
Convert 657 mmHg to atm
0.864 atm
Describe the movement of particles in liquids.
Particles in liquids are constantly moving and colliding with one another, have significantly greater energy and move a lot in relation to one another.
*When the gas is pressurized into a small space that gas particles size becomes _________________?*
More significant compared to the total volume.
Under these conditions (high P and low T), gases are said to behave non-ideally or like 'real' gases. This has two consequences which are?
1. The real gas situation necessitates the need to correct the volume by subtracting a factor. 2. The observed pressure is less than in an ideal gas.
What is the basis for many properties of gases?
The Kinetic molecular theory
For Boyle's Law, if the volume is increased, the gas particles ______________?
Collide with the walls of the container less often and the pressure is reduced.
What is the relationships with Boyle's Law?
Pressure and volume
For Charles' Law, if the temperature is increased the gas particles ______________ kinetic energy, ________________?
Gain; move around move and occupy more space
*High pressures and low temperatures experience ________________ and are _________________?*
*Induced dipoles; polarizable (see picture on Dingle Notes)*
All the properties of solids and liquids such as viscosity, surface tension, hardness etc., are dependent upon what?
1. How the particles that make up the solid or liquid are arranged 2. The extent of the attractions between those particles
In Van Der Waals equation, what does the a stand for?
Relatively strong inter particle attractions for one another would have corresponding relatively large values (intermolecular forces)
At ______________________ gas particles come close enough to one another to make the two postulates of the Kinetic molecular theory invalid.
High pressures and low temperatures
Describe the movement of particles in the solids as crystalline or amorphous.
In both cases, the particles in the solid have very little energy and move very little in relation to one another. They are sometimes described as 'vibrating around fixed positions.'
Define amorphous.
Where the arrangement of particles is not regular or ordered.
Section 2
(36 cards)