Section 1
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Musical Nationalism
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (57)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Musical Nationalism
Making a song more like from their country
Totentanz By Franz Liszt
-Romantic -Program Concerto -Theme & Variations -Piano and Orchestra -deconstructing and exploring of form -uses dies irae for death -no unifying variation -overwhelming -not melodic so its not considered musical or artful -Form is Modified Theme and Variations -6 Variations: first 3 are more traditional, last 3 expand and explode the form -Main Theme is the Dies Irae with cadenza V1: Allegro, winds and piano in duet V2: Begins with low piano, glissandi V3: Molto Vivace, slow build in pitch and volume V4: Begins Lento, canon, somber, solo clarinet. Changes to Presto or a slow build into V5 V5: Vivace, Fugue, Piano. Lots of contrasts Cadenza: Long brilliant solo section V6: Sempre Allegro, ma non troppo,
Risorgimento
movement for a unified and free italy
Canon
particular pieces merit repeat performances and preservation for future generations
Polyrhythm
The use of several rhythms
Recitative Accompagnato
quick, musical heightened speech over orchestral acccompaniment
idee fixe
a melody used to represent a non musical idea
Program Music
Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea or scene
Cabletta
a fast conducting aria
concert overture
one movement piece for full orchestra modeled on an opera overture, usually in sonata form
Tone Cluster
simultaneous sounding of close together pitches
Lied
german song typically of the romantic era
Atonal Music
Music without tonality, or music that is centered around no central key or scale. The term was first used to describe certain compositions by Arnold Schoenberg, Anton von Webern, and Alban Berg. Schoenberg's term was pantonal
Virtuoso
One who is extremely skilled at performing upon any certain instrument
Realistic opera
realism in opera, contemporary plots, marked by the use of rural characters and common, everyday themes often treated in a melodramatic manner
Impressionism
representing the mood and colors more than the representation of the shapes
Program Symphony
symphony with an attached program
Absolute Music
music without a narrative, music for music's sake
12 Tone Composition
music organized around a pattern of 12 pitches
Bayreuth Festival
month long festival of wagner's operas in the theater built for him by the mad king Ludwig of Bavaria
Scena
a scene plan made of 3 distinct sections; aria, recitativo accompagnato, cabletta
Art Song
song for solo voice and piano using existing poetry as text
Through Composed
Song form that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of any major sections; each verse having its own, unique melody
Symphonie Fantastique, V By Hector Berlioz
-Romantic -Program Symphony -Free Fantasy -Orchestra, more brass -winds represent screaming -uses Dres Irae for death -uses idee fixe for love -Four melodic ideas: I. Hell: screams,winds II. Idee: lovely song to represent his love and change by movements III. Dies Irae-death IV. love becomes the top witch, witches dances V. -unsettling,awful strong winds, strings -dark, gloomy, walking to death, church bells -theme played by diff voices in fugue End: -strings are being played weird,scratching played by the wood piece of violin -dres irae brings all together loudly, ending with a clash
Three Places in New England, "Putnam's Camp" By Charles Ives
-20th Century / Modernism -Program Symphony -ABA -Orchestra -fourth of July picnic, boy falls asleep and dreams about general and colonial soldiers -too much patriot gets you into trouble -comment on patriotism A: picnic- boy tonal, simple homophonic and polyphonic, poly tonal B: dream- atonality,cluster tones, British vs Americas, Americas win A: picnic- boys theme, a whole big marching band with twirls
dies irae
A principal movement in the Requiem Mass and a Gregorian Chant, judgement day, portrays death in music of romanticism
Second Viennese School
schonberg, berg, webern
Music Drama
Term applied to Richard Wagner's operas and other such composition that combine music, scenery, text, costume, etc., to create a whole, cohesive imaginary world
Verismo Opera
realism in opera, contemporary plots, marked by the use of rural characters and common, everyday themes often treated in a melodramatic manner
Serial Music
A form of music based on repetition or the use of series in composition, such as repeated rhythms, timbres, or pitches
Polymeter
use of several meters
Schubertiad
A concert party or recital devoted solely to the performance of music and songs by Schubert
Rubato
speeding up or slowing down while still maintaining overall tempo
Neo Classicism
was a twentieth-century trend, particularly current in the period between the two World Wars, in which composers sought to return to aesthetic precepts associated with the broadly defined concept of "classicism", namely order, balance, clarity, economy, and emotional restraint
Strophic Form
Song structure in which every verse (strophe) of the text is sung to the same musical tune
Die Walküre, Act III Prelude, "Ride of the Valkyries" By Richard Wagner
-Romantic -Music Drama -Overture/Chorus -Large orchestra and women's chorus -daughters of god, dead people, scene and song have a disconnect -how power and god only god can help -fight for power of ring -ring is doomed to death -orchestra over singer -meandering, no momentum -interaction of colors, light and dark -not focused on melody A: starts right away with theme, whimsical, soft, harp, winds, lacks direction, tonality not really used, mixture of major and minor B: "gigantic contrast", lot of dynamic contrast, sweeping violins, still meandering A: similar to beginning Coda: some low brass, triangle
Song Cycle
a collection of songs unified by a common theme
"Liebst du um Schönheit" If you love for beauty By Clara Schumann
-Mid Romantic -Art Song -Strophic -Voice and Piano -Sweet, love song
"Erlkönig" By Franz Schubert
Era:Early Romantic Genre:Art Song Form:Through Composed Instrumentation:Voice and Piano -4 characters:identified by changing melodies,modes,ranges -irony elf king sounds friendly, seductive persuasion -Narrator:gallop/storm ,minor -Father:minor,says it will be okay but he knows it won't, melody gets louder and stecatto because he is historical, dramatic how everything stops and he says his son is dead -Son:Minor,highest range,gets louder and louder and stecatto because he is historical -Elf king:no gallop/storm because he is not part of their world,major,sweet melody to attract the child,pretty singing yet he is a bad character
Pierrot lunaire, "Madonna" By Arnold Schoenberg
-20th Century / Modernism -Song Cycle -Through Composed -Small ensemble and solo voice -Story of a clown who becomes drunk on the moon -Performed in style of Sprechstimme (song-speech) -not singing in pitches -No melodic repetition, music unfolds like a stream of consciousness -very dark piece -doesn't sound coordinated -disjunct -criticizing Mary -filled with bitterness and rage -word painting: used all he could to depict bitterness and rage -suppose to sound awful -statement: hard times
col legno
The Italian term for with the wood
Ring Cycle
set of four operas by Wagner based on the Nibelung Saga
bel canto
-beautiful singing -beautiful melody over a simple accompaniment
leitmotif
a small bit of melody used to represent a person, place, event, time, etc
Appalachian Spring, VII, "Variations on Simple Gift" By Aaron Copland
-20th Century / Modernism -Ballet -Theme & Variations -Orchestra -main theme doesn't really change -very simple Section 1: -melody: rising motive quietly unfolds, outlining a triad -rhythm: very slow, tranquil; changing meter is imperceptible -harmony: overlapping of clouds (polychordal) produces a gentle dissonance -texture: individual instruments are featured -expression: introduces the characters; evokes a broad landscape at daybreak Section 7: -melody: theme with four phrases (a a b a); later variations use only parts of the tune -rhythm: flowing duple meter, then tune in augmentation (slower) -harmony: moves between various keys -form: theme and five variations on a traditional shaker song timbre: each variation changes tone colors; indivdual instruments are featured -expression: calm and flowing magestic closing
La traviata, Act I, Scene 6, "Sempre libera" By Giuseppe Verdi
-Romantic -Opera -Aria? -Voice and Orchestra -melody is more important than orchestra -singer over orchestra -recitativo accompagnato -courtesan who falls in love with a wealthy man and now shes deciding which route to take her life now or her future with the wealthy man broken up into aria,recitativo accompanato and cabeletta
Lisztomania
Liszt fever was the intense fan frenzy directed toward Franz Liszt
Tone Poem
one movement piece for full orchestra with a free form
Cornet
A brass instrument with valves related to the trumpet but lacking the brilliance of a trumpet
Gesamtkunstwerke
total work of art, work of art that makes use of all or many art forms or strives to do so
Section 2
(7 cards)