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What are the categories of chemicals used in cooling towers?

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (48)

Section 1

(48 cards)

What are the categories of chemicals used in cooling towers?

Front

Biocides (Microbiological growth), scale inhibitors (scale), Corrosion inhibitors (corrosion), dispersants (fouling)

Back

Which serogroup is said to be the most infectious?

Front

Serogroup 1

Back

1. Safest 2. Easiest to Apply 3. Most Cost Effective 4. Least Regulated 5. Most Defensible

Front

How do we decide what disinfection method to recommend?

Back

What part of the body does Legionella infect?

Front

Alveolar Macrophage (white blood cells in the lungs)

Back

Corrective Action

Front

An action that is taken when monitoring shows that hazard control data is outside of control limits.

Back

What is the benefit of our independence?

Front

Our clients get defensibility. Non-independent companies can create conflicts of interest that impede defensibility.

Back

How should we respond if the client wants their water treater on the WMT?

Front

Explain that in our experience, its best if the treater is not on the team because they have a bias that can interfere with the client's defensibility. Be sure to emphasize that it is their program and they can have the treater on the team if they feel like that is the best option and be careful not to say anything negative about the treater, especially if you are unsure of the relationship or know there is a good relationship between the client and water treater.

Back

What is Phigenics' core purpose?

Front

To help facility managers optimize the total cost of their water systems by improving safety and efficiency

Back

The hazard controls in place are controlling Legionella effectively. There is no viable Legionella in the sample. The positive PCR result shows that the system is conducive to Legionella growth, and that at one point there was viable Legionella but that it was nonviable at the time of the sample.

Front

What does it mean if you get a negative culture/THAB but positive PCR result?

Back

What does FRO specifically test for?

Front

Hypohalous acid, hypohalite ion, and bromamine

Back

Hardness

Front

Calcium and magnesium are the dissolved minerals that make up water hardness. As temperatures increase, the solubility of calcium and magnesium decreases, and they precipitate out of solution.

Back

Phigenics Culture

Front

1. Professional sales organization 2. People centric 3. Safety 4. Client focused 5. Community awareness and participation 6. Outstanding compensation and benefits 7. Disciplined yet entrepreneurial

Back

What is the ideal growth temperature range for Legionella?

Front

30-40 C

Back

Serogroup

Front

Variation within a species

Back

What is Cl combined with in combined chlorine?

Front

Organic or inorganic Nitrogen

Back

How are we independent if we sell PWAs and tests?

Front

We are independent from selling chemicals and hazard control devices. Our products are part of how we can provide monitoring for verification and validation to give our clients defensibility. However, clients are not required to purchase these products to utilize our services.

Back

The PCR result is invalid

Front

What does it mean if the ISO result is positive but no Legionella was detected in PCR?

Back

What services does Phigenics provide?

Front

Safety and efficiency for potable and utility water

Back

Alkalinity

Front

Alkalinity in cooling water systems exists in two forms: Carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity. The concentration of each is dependent on pH. Alkalinity is measured in ppm and designated as P, M, or O alkalinity depending on which compound is present.

Back

What is the best practice for how to feed disinfectant to a cooling tower?

Front

Feed oxidizing biocide continuously and use an intermittent feed of non-oxidizing biocides

Back

Who should be invited to a business review?

Front

As many client representatives as possible (as high up as possible), Phigenics AM, Phigenics RM, Phigenics VP of Ops, and Phigenics corporate sales

Back

pH

Front

Measurement of the hydrogen ions (H+) in the wae. As the hydrogen ions increase, the pH decreases.

Back

How do you calculate cycles of concentration?

Front

Ratio of conductivity in the blowdown water to the makeup water

Back

What are the reasons to have a business review?

Front

1. Change in Phigenics representative 2. Change in client personnel 3. Problem (real or perceived) 4. Expansion or contraction of the client's budget or assets 5. Complacency (from client or Phigenics) - most dangerous warning sign

Back

How can we achieve cost savings in the four boxes?

Front

1. Increase cycles of concentration (utility efficiency) 2. Explore cheaper alternatives for supplemental disinfection (Potable)

Back

4 Values

Front

1. Independence 2. Integrity 3. Innovation 4. Market Leadership

Back

What is the process that Legionella infects by?

Front

1. Intrusion 2. Amplification 3. Transmission

Back

What is Phigenics' bias?

Front

Our bias is that we sit on the same side of the table as the client. We are biased to provide he best services to the client.

Back

How do you increase efficiency of water use in cooling towers?

Front

Increase cycles

Back

What is the life cycle of Legionella?

Front

1. Host infectivity 2. Intracellular Growth 3. Lysis

Back

Validation

Front

Confirmation that the WMP, when implemented as designed, controls the hazards and hazardous conditions throughout the system

Back

What is the optimal range for cycles of concentration?

Front

3-5

Back

2025 Goals

Front

1. Acheive $100 million in revenue with a 30% profit margin 2. World class sales and technical training organization 3. We will provide CWMPs to 20% of the hospitals in the US 4. Develop and patent a minimum of 3 major innovations in addition to the PVT 5. We will remain an independent, privately owned, people-oriented company

Back

What type of building water system are most of our clients classified as?

Front

Non-transient non-community

Back

Where and how much we test depends on the risk characterization of the building. Areas with greater risk of exposure and transmission will require more testing while areas with lower risk of exposure and transmission will require less testing. For cooling towers, THAB and Legionella testing can be done 1x per quarter. Best practice is to test proactively and over time, as results often change seasonally.

Front

How do we determine where and how much to test?

Back

Cycles of Concentration

Front

How concentrated the water is in the system

Back

What is Phigenics role in a WMT?

Front

3rd party non-voting member

Back

How does Legionella cause disease?

Front

Legionella enters the lungs through either aspiration of contaminated water or inhalation or aerosolized contaminated water. The bacteria are consumed by macrophages in the lung. Here, the bacteria multiply, resulting in the death of the macrophage. Bacteria are then released from the dead cell to infect other macrophages.

Back

Why use the term system analysis instead of hazard analysis?

Front

System analysis is more inclusive and clarifies that we analyze safety and efficiency, not just safety.

Back

Supplemental disinfection is the preferred term because it prevents confusion with secondary disinfection done in municipalities

Front

Why is supplemental disinfection a preferred term over supplemental disinfection?

Back

Verification

Front

Confirmation that the WMP is being implemented as designed.

Back

How long should you wait when testing free chloramines?

Front

According to manufacturer recommendations, you can analyze immediately

Back

What is the major challenge of implementing supplemental disinfection?

Front

They become a regulated water system

Back

Supplemental disinfection is the preferred term because it prevents confusion with secondary disinfection done in municipalities

Front

Why is supplemental disinfection a preferred term over supplemental disinfection?

Back

Conductivity

Front

A measurement of how well the water will conduct electricity. Dissolved solids in the water increase the conductivity. Condiuctivity is measured in total dissolved solids (TDS). Pure water with no dissolved solids has no conductivity.

Back

What is the EPA max for Cl in potable water

Front

4.0ppm

Back

Elevator Speech

Front

My company provides comprehensive water management programs. Facility managers and business owners use our programs to optimize total cost, improve safety and efficiency, ad achieve defensibility. Unlike others, Phigenics is an independent water management company. We do not sell water treatment or hazard control chemicals. As a non-conflicted, third party, we are able to provide independent verification and validation that programs are defensible and water management goals have been achieved in the most cost effective manner.

Back

How many Legionella serogroups are there?

Front

There are 16 serogroups of Legionella Pneumophila, we test for 14 of them

Back