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ap anatomy circulatory quiz

memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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amino acids

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Anatomy Science

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (20)

Section 1

(20 cards)

amino acids

Front

amino acid production increases hemoglobin levels

Back

role of red bone marrow in erythropoiesis

Front

contains stem cells that eventually become RBCs

Back

role of liver in erythropoiesis

Front

makes HEPCIDIN (antimicrobial protein) to limit iron in blood

Back

transferrin

Front

escorts iron molecules

Back

pernicious/B12 deficiency anemia

Front

lack of intrinsic factor decreases the absorption + overall levels of vitamin B12 which causes large, immature cells (w nucleus) to circulate throughout the blood rather than matured RBCs (chronic)

Back

intrinsic factor

Front

produced when you eat protein

Back

erythropoietin (EPO)

Front

hormone produced by kidneys that go through the bloodstream and bind to a stem cell receptor (only if there is B12 to allow it) to help turn cell into an RBC

Back

macrophages

Front

sequester/chelate/hide iron

Back

chelators

Front

bind tightly to iron + hide it

Back

iron deficiency anemia

Front

very common (not chronic), low iron levels inhibit the normal production of hemoglobin, leaving affected people tired and short of breath

Back

sickle cell anemia

Front

common in those with african/hispanic heritage, causes abnormal hemoglobin which causes healthy RBCs to be contorted into a sickle shape (esp during states of hypoxia) . blood + bone marrow transplant is only treatment but extremely risky. common symptoms: anemia, frequent infections + pain episodes (chronic)

Back

vitamin B12

Front

found in the small intestine, allows EPO to bind to stem cell receptor, you must have protein/intrinsic factor in able to absorb this

Back

role of intestines in erythropoiesis

Front

sends out iron and folic acid (which ejects nucleus + mitochondria from stem cell, helping it to become an RBC)

Back

HIF

Front

inhibits hepcidin when oxygen and iron levels are low

Back

iron

Front

iron helps turn stem cells into RBCs, escorted by transferrin

Back

hepcidin

Front

inhibits HIF & HFE, therefore limiting iron in the blood. it either stops absorption of iron in the small intestine or activates macrophages to sequester (hide) iron (ex. in case of infection)

Back

types of blood doping

Front

using your own blood, other person's blood, injecting EPO (could be other things such as testosterone like from the video), holistic/high altitude (think mask/colorado)

Back

role of kidneys in erythropoiesis

Front

sense low oxygen levels (hypoxia) and start making more RBCS by freeing HIF (binds to DNA & tells it to make EPO)

Back

hemoglobin

Front

tertiary structure & has 4 iron molecules & each iron molecule binds 1 oxygen molecule so 4 oxygen molecules are carried by each hemoglobin (280 mil hemoglobin per 1 RBC)

Back

hypoxia

Front

state of low oxygen, tells your body to increase production of RBCs

Back